Dictionary/Glossary

German-French-Italian-English dictionary of plant names and technical terms used in the NFI. Definitions are given for the terms highlighted in yellow.

acidity
aerial photo
aerial photo interpretation
age determination
alder buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula)
alpine buckthorn (Rhamnus alpina)
alpine clematis (Clematis alpina)
alpine currant (Ribes alpinum)
alpine golden chain (Laburnum alpinum)
alpine honeysuckle (Lonicera alpigena)
alpine mezereon (Daphne alpina)
alpine whitebeam (Sorbus chamaemespilus)
altitude
altitudinal vegetation zone (altitudinal zone)
altitudinal zone (altitudinal vegetation zone)
american red oak (Quercus rubra)
american red raspberry (Rubus idaeus)
area , wooded (woodland)
area, agricultural
area, potentially forested
area, unproductive
ash (Fraxinus excelsior)
aspect
aspen (Populus tremula)
assortment (timber)
atlas cedar (Cedrus atlantica)
attribute catalog
attribute, categorical
attribute, derived
avalanche protection forest
average, moving
barberry (Berberis vulgaris)
bare wood, exposed
bark necrosis
bark percentage
basal area
bay (Laurus nobilis)
bay leaf (Laurus nobilis)
beech (Fagus sylvatica)
berry bushes
biocoenosis
biodiversity (biological diversity)
biotope
biotope value
bitter oak (Quercus cerris)
black alder (Alnus glutinosa)
black bilberry (Vaccinium uliginosum)
black cherry (Prunus serotina)
black honeysuckle (Lonicera nigra)
black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)
black poplar (Populus nigra)
black whortleberry (Vaccinium myrtillus)
blackthorn (Prunus spinosa)
bladdernut (Staphylea pinnata)
bladder-senna (Colutea arborescens)
blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea)
body of water
bog blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum)
bole wood (= merchantable stemwood)
boundary of forest edge
box holly (Ruscus aculeatus)
briar rose (Rosa canina)
broad leaved whitebeam (Sorbus latifolia)
broadleaf forest
broadleaf (forest) area
broadleaf (forest) community
broadleaf tree / broadleaved tree
broad-leafed spindle tree (Euonymus latifolius)
broad-leaved lime (Tilia platyphyllos)
broadleaves
butcher's broom (Ruscus aculeatus)
cable crane
cable winch
camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora)
canker
canton
cantonal boundary
capacity
carbon cycle
carolina poplar (Populus canadensis)
cause of damage
change in a forest (change)
change in forest area
checkertree (Sorbus torminalis)
cheque tree (Sorbus domestica)
cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus)
chinese windmill palm (Trachycarpus fortunei)
chusan palm (Trachycarpus fortunei)
classification unit
closeness to nature
common apple (Malus sylvestris)
common birch (Betula pendula)
common box (Buxus sempervirens)
common briar (Rosa canina)
common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica)
common cotoneaster (Cotoneaster integerrima)
common elder (Sambucus nigra)
common hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna)
common juniper (Juniperus communis)
common lilac (Syringa vulgaris)
common oak (Quercus robur)
common pear (Pyrus communis)
common privet (Ligustrum vulgare)
community of citizens
comparison of states
Confederation (ownership category)
confidence interval
conifer (coniferous tree)
conifer (forest) area
conifer forest community
conifer forest (coniferous forest)
conifers
control survey
conversion
coppice forest
coppice with standards
cornelian-cherry (Cornus mas)
corporation (ownership category)
crab (Malus sylvestris)
crack (in wood)
criteria (for Sustainable Forest Management)
crown
crown closure
crown transparency
crown (tree-)
cultivated currant (Ribes rubrum)
cutting area
damage
damage by rockfall
damage caused by game
damage pattern
damage potential
data access
data origin
data quality
data survey
database
date of last treatment
date of survey
dawn redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides)
dead wood
debris flow / mudflow
deforestation
degree of cover
degree of damage
density of forest edge
diameter
diameter at breast height (DBH)
diameter classes
diameter, dominant (Ddom)
disease
distance sample plot-access road
disturbance (anthropogenic)
diversity (biodiversity), biological
diversity of ligneous species
dog rose (Rosa canina)
douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)
downy birch (Betula pubescens)
downy oak (Quercus pubescens)
drainage
dry site
dry stone wall
durmast oak (Quercus petraea)
dwarf honeysuckle (Lonicera xylosteum)
dwarf shrubs
eastern white pine (Pinus strobus)
economic region
ecotone
ecotone value of the forest edge
embankment (manmade) / slope (natural phenomenon)
english elm (Ulmus minor)
english hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha)
english holly (Ilex aquifolium)
english ivy (Hedera helix)
english oak (Quercus robur)
environmental monitoring
environmental policy
epicormic shoot
erosion
error (statistical)
european alder (Alnus incana)
european bird cherry (Prunus padus)
european black currant (Ribes nigrum)
european black elderberry (Sambucus nigra)
european black pine (Pinus nigra)
european blackberry (Rubus fruticosus)
european buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica)
european fan palm (Chamaerops humilis)
european fly honeysuckle (Lonicera xylosteum)
european gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa)
european hackberry (Celtis australis)
european honeysuckle (Lonicera periclymenum)
european larch (Larix decidua)
european spindle tree (Euonymus europaeus)
european turkey oak (Quercus cerris)
european white elm (Ulmus laevis)
evaluation (data analyses)
exotic (tree) species
expenditure for extraction
extraction
extraction distance
extraction system
eych (Quercus petraea)
fallow land
false medlar (Sorbus chamaemespilus)
false tamarisk (Myricaria germanica)
Federal Law on Forests
field maple (Acer campestre)
field survey
fig (Ficus carica)
final cutting
fire (cause of damage)
fire traces
flooding
flowering ash (Fraxinus ornus)
forest / nonforest decision
forest, accessible, excluding shrub forest
forest area
forest area
forest area, exploitable
forest area, inaccessible
forest area, managed
forest area, non-managed
forest area, non-stockable
forest area, pastured
forest area per capita (inhabitant)
forest area, permanently unstocked
forest area, stockable
forest area, temporarily unstocked
forest boundary line
forest community
forest community, potential natural
forest composition
forest condition
forest definition
forest district
forest ecosystem
forest edge
forest effect
forest fire
forest form
forest function
forest gaps
forest in the combined sample grid NFI1/NFI2
forest, inaccessible
forest owner
Forest Police Law (FPolL)
forest policy
forest policy
forest, private
forest, public
forest road
forest site
forest strip
forest tending
forest type
forest type according to the field manual
forest use, sustainable
Forestry Statistics, Federal
forwarder
fraying damage
function (forest)
fungi
gap (forest canopy gap)
Geographic Information System (GIS)
giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum)
ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba)
glossy buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula)
goat willow (Salix caprea)
golden chain (Laburnum anagyroides)
gooseberry (Ribes petraeum)
green alder (Alnus viridis)
grey alder (Alnus incana)
grid, linked
grid (sample grid)
ground vegetation
grove
groves at high altitude areas
guelder rose (Viburnum opulus)
habitat
hairy alpenrose (Rhododendron hirsutum)
hand skidding
harvest waste
harvesting damage
harvesting system
hazard potential
hazel (Corylus avellana)
health (vitality)
hedge maple (Acer campestre)
herb layer
high altitude areas
high forest
high forest, layered
high forest, non-uniform
high forest, selection type
high forest, uniform (even-aged)
honeysuckle (Lonicera periclymenum)
hop hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia)
hornbeam (Carpinus betulus)
horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum)
humid site
implementation
inclusion (damage)
increment (total)
indicator
indicator species
individual ownership
influence, human
ingrowth
injury to bark
insect damage
intensity of browsing, tolerable
intensity of pasturing
intermediate treatment
interpretation area
interpretation (of the results)
interview
inventory design
inventory manual
inventory method
inventory period
italian maple (Acer opalus)
japanese larch (Larix kaempferi)
Jura
kind of shrub forest
lack of wood
land use
land use statistics
landslide
large-leaved lime (Tilia platyphyllos)
laurel (Laurus nobilis)
layer (stand)
length of grove
lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea)
local recreation
lombardy poplar (Populus nigra)
loss of vitality
losses, natural
lower layer
lowlands
mahaleb cherry (Prunus mahaleb)
main stand
main tree species
management plan
management scenarios
management, sustainable
management system
manna ash (Fraxinus ornus)
map survey
marking (permanent)
mean / average
means of extraction
mean-tree
mediterranean fan palm (Chamaerops humilis)
mediterranean hackberry (Celtis australis)
medlar (Mespilus germanica)
method
mezereon (Daphne mezereum)
middle layer
minimum width
mixed stand
model
mortality (death rate)
mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia)
mountain currant (Ribes alpinum)
mountain forest
mountain pine (Pinus mugo)
mountain selection forest
myricaria (Myricaria germanica)
National Forest Inventory
national inventory
natural characteristics
natural forest
natural hazards
natural regeneration (result)
nature protection (function)
nature protection function
NFI data
NFI Field Manual
NFI2 protection forest
non-forest area
northern catalpa (Catalpa speciosa)
northern red oak (Quercus rubra)
norway maple (Acer platanoides)
norway spruce (Picea abies)
number of plants
number of species
number of woody species
objects, endangered
objects, geomorphologic
old mans beard (Clematis vitalba)
old stand (mature timber)
ownership
paradise plant (Daphne mezereum)
park grove
pasturing
pasturing in forest
peach (Prunus persica)
pedunculate oak (Quercus robur)
percent forest cover
pick-up truck
pile of branches
pile of stones
plane tree (Platanus acerifolia)
plant community
plantation
planting
pole wood (poletimber)
potential yield / harvesting potential
prehauling distance
privately owned forest
production function (timber)
production region
proportion of conifers
protection forest
protection forest region
protective effect
protective function
pubescent cotoneaster (Cotoneaster tomentosa)
pure stand
pyrenean whitebeam (Sorbus mougeoti)
recreation demand
recreation facility
recreation (local)
recreational demands
recreational effects
recreational function
recreational pressure
recreational use
red dogwood (Cornus sanguinea)
red elderberry (Sambucus racemosa)
regeneration, artificial
regeneration (forest)
regeneration, natural (process)
regeneration under shelter
region
relief
representativeness
reproducibility
residential area
resinosis
Resolution (Helsinki)
resources
Rio Convention (on Biological Diversity 1992)
riparian grove
road density (forest)
rock buckthorn (Rhamnus saxatilis)
rock redcurrant (Ribes petraeum)
rockfall
rockfall protection forest, NFI2
rootstock
round wood / round timber
rowan (Sorbus aucuparia)
rusty leaved alpenrose (Rhododendron ferrugineum)
salvage logging
sample
sample grid
sample plot
sample plot inventory
sample plot, permanent
sample tree
sampling concept
sampling error
Sanasilva Inventory (SSI)
sanitation cutting
satellite data
savin (Juniperus sabina)
scorpion senna (Coronilla emerus)
scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius)
scotch laburnum (Laburnum alpinum)
scots elm (Ulmus glabra)
scots pine (Pinus sylvestris)
sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides)
selection forest
selection forest model
service tree (Sorbus domestica)
sessile oak (Quercus petraea)
shape of forest edge
shelterbelt
shelterbelt
shoot (sprout)
shrub
shrub forest
shrub layer
shrub species
shrubby blackberry (Rubus fruticosus)
shumach (Rhus typhina)
silver birch (Betula pendula)
silver fir (Abies alba)
silvicultural project
silviculture
(single) tree status
site
site class
site factor
(site) factors, edaphic
(site) factors, orographic
site properties
slenderness
slope
slope (terrain)
small cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccus)
small leaved elm (Ulmus minor)
small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata)
smoke tree (Cotinus coggygria)
snag
snow load
snow movement
snowy mespilus (Amelanchier ovalis)
soil protection
sour cherry (Prunus cerasus)
spanish chestnut (Castanea sativa)
special site
species diversity
SPF forest (forest with a special protective function)
spurgelaurel (Daphne laureola)
stability (stand stability)
stability standards
staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina)
stand
stand age
stand density
stand density index (SDI)
stand, (permanently) open
stand, reference
stand, relevant to regeneration
stand stability (stability)
stand structure (structure)
standard
standard deviation
standard error
standard, reserved
state NFI1
state NFI2
stem base
stem breakage
stem (crownstem)
stem form
stem number
stemwood
stocking
structural diversity of a stand
structural diversity of the forest edge
structure of forest edge
structure (stand structure)
stump / root stock
stump sprout
surroundings of forest edge
sustainability
sweet cherry (Prunus avium)
sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa)
sweetberry honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea)
(Swiss Central) Plateau / Mittelland
Swiss Forest Observation Program
swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra)
sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus)
target value
tariff function
tariff tree
tending
tending, minimal
thinning
thinning for conversion
timber assortment
timber consumption
timber harvest
timber line
timber (stage of stand development)
(timber) stock / standing volume
timber volume, merchantable
top (end) diameter
top height
total area
total forest (area)
total increment
total volume / total stock
tourism
trampling damage
transformation
transport distance
transportation system (forest)
travellers joy (Clematis vitalba)
treatment
treatment, last
treatment, next (silvicultural)
tree, dead
tree, dead
tree height
tree species
(tree) species composition
tree species, most frequent
tree species, non-indigenous
tree species, predominant
tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima)
trunk (tree)
tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera)
tuliptree (Liriodendron tulipifera)
type of damage
type of grove
type of ownership
type of pasturing
type of paving
type of regeneration
type of shrub forest
type of wooded land
unit of evaluation
unit of reference (region)
upper layer
upper stem diameter at 7m height (D7)
use, agroforestry
use, forest
utilisation strategy
utilization of forest resources
vaccinium plants
vegetation, potential natural
virgin forest
vitality
volume
volume / stock
volume function
volume of stemwood
walnut (Juglans regia)
waste disposal site / landfill
wayfaring-tree (Viburnum lantana)
weeping birch (Betula pendula)
western catalpa (Catalpa speciosa)
western redcedar (Thuja plicata)
white poplar (Populus alba)
white willow (Salix alba)
whitebeam (Sorbus aria)
wild cotoneaster (Cotoneaster integerrima)
wild pear (Pyrus pyraster)
wild plum (Prunus domestica)
wild service-tree (Sorbus torminalis)
wild ungulates
windmill palm (Chamaerops humilis)
windthrow
wood production
woodbine (Lonicera periclymenum)
wooded pasture
wooded pasture
woodpile
woody species / ligneous species
work done internally and not contracted out
wych elm (Ulmus glabra)
yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera)
yew (Taxus baccata)
yield
yield table
yield, timber
yield, unchanged
young growth/ thicket
(young) plantation
young trees

  • Alnus incana (L.) Moench

  • [en] european alder, grey alder
  • [de] Grauerle, Weisserle
  • [fr] aulne blanc
  • [it] alno bianco
  • Recommended form of citation:
    Brändli, U.-B.; Speich, S., 2007: Swiss NFI glossary and dictionary. [Published online 27.06.2007]. Available from World Wide Web <http://www.lfi.ch/glossar/glossar-en.php>. Birmensdorf, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL.
  • The German definition of the scientific terms was done with the help of the following lexica and terminologies:
    LdF = Lexikon der Forstbotanik (Schütt et al. 1991)
    SSI = Sanasilva-Inventur WSL. Terminologie im Sanasilva-Bericht 1997 (Brang und Kaennel Dobbertin 1997)
    SAFE = Forsteinrichtungsbegriffe. Schweizerischer Arbeitskreis für Forsteinrichtung (1986).
    TFW = Terminologie Forsteinrichtung/Waldinventur (Bick et al. 1994)
    WBö = Wörterbücher der Biologie. Ökologie (Schäfer und Tischler 1983)
    WT = Waldbauliche Terminologie (Brünig und Mayer 1980)
    Anl. LFI = Anleitung für die Feldaufnahmen der Erhebung 1993-1995 (Stierlin et al. 1994)
  • The German, French and Italien plant names were taken mainly from the book Die häufigsten Waldbäume der Schweiz or from the Flora Helvetica
  • The English plant names were taken form the internet (swiss web flora, PLANTS Database and Dictionary of Common Names by plantpress.com). The notations and abbreviations were taken from IPNI - The international Plant Names Index.