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Inventory

NFI5

(1)

2018/26

NFI4

(1)

2009/17

Topic

number of woody species (≥ 12 cm dbh)

(2)

Number of tree and shrub species with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥12 cm within the 200 m² circle on the sample plot.

area

area of vehicle tracks (soil disturbance)

(12)

Area with clearly visible traces on the forest floor from timber harvesting vehicles such as tractors, forwarders and harvesters.

forest area

(1'659)

All areas designated as forest according to the NFI forest definition. The forest definition includes shrub forest. The target variable "forest area" is also used when classifying the total area as forest or non-forest.

forest area according to forest function

(4)

Forest area classified according to its functions (including "no special forest function"), as determined in the interview survey with the local forest services. A forest area can fulfil several forest functions at the same time, and can thus contribute to the forest area of several forest functions.

forest area according to recreation type

(2)

Area of forest with recreational uses such as walking, hiking, jogging, cycling, biking, skiing and snowboarding, cross-country skiing, snowshoeing, horse-riding, camping, other activities, or no activities. Since different recreational activities may take place in a forest at the same time, this forest may contribute to the area of several recreation types.

forest area with biodiversity measures

(6)

Forest area in which specific measures for the conservation or promotion of biodiversity have been implemented since the last inventory. Only measures that have been explicitly subsidised as 'biodiversity' measures are taken into account. Since several biodiversity measures may be implemented in a forest area at the same time, this area may contribute to the total area of several different biodiversity measures.

ratio of the types of damage gaps

(8)

Ratio of the different damage events (e.g. wind, insects) which led to damage gaps. The ratio is determined on the basis of those damage gaps that account for at least 10% of the interpretation area (50 × 50 m) and on which, according to the information provided by the local forest services, only one damage event occurred. The target value thus allows comparisons of inventories from NFI3 onwards.

basal area

(120)

Sum of the stem cross-sectional areas at a height of 1.3 m (level for measuring diameter at breast height [dbh]) of living trees and shrubs (standing and lying) with a dbh ≥12 cm.

basal area of deadwood

(20)

Sum of the stem cross-sectional areas at a height of 1.3 m (level for measuring diameter at breast height [dbh]) of all dead trees and shrubs (standing and lying) with a dbh ≥12 cm.

total basal area

(28)

Sum of the stem cross-sectional areas at a height of 1.3 m (level for measuring diameter at breast height [dbh]) of all living and dead trees and shrubs (standing and lying) with a dbh ≥12 cm. The total basal area corresponds to the sum of the basal area and the deadwood basal area.

biomass

biomass of deadwood

(6)

Dry weight (mass) of standing and lying deadwood, determined with the help of the species- and decomposition-dependent wood densities of the following components: 1) stemwood, merchantable branchwood, branch brushwood and roots of standing and lying dead trees and shrubs with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥12 cm without stem breakage; 2) stemwood of the still standing stump, branch brushwood and roots of standing dead trees and shrubs ≥12 cm dbh with stem breakage and 3) LIS-deadwood, i.e. the lying deadwood with a diameter ≥7 cm (merchantable wood without merchantable wood pieces in heaps of branches), which cannot be assigned to a tree or shrub ≥12 cm dbh.

biomass of LIS-deadwood

(6)

Dry weight (mass) of the so-called LIS deadwood, i.e. lying deadwood with a diameter ≥7 cm (merchantable wood; excluding merchantable wood pieces in heaps of branches), which cannot be assigned to a tree or shrub with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥12 cm. The mass is determined with the help of species- and decomposition-dependent wood densities.

biomass of living trees

(12)

Dry weight (mass) of living trees and shrubs with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥12 cm. The tree parts considered are: the roots, stemwood, branchwood and needles/leaves.

biomass of living trees, aboveground

(6)

Dry weight (mass) of the aboveground parts of living trees and shrubs with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥12 cm. The tree parts included are: stemwood, branchwood and needles/leaves.

biomass of lying dead trees

(6)

Dry weight (mass) of lying dead trees and shrubs with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥12 cm. This mass is determined with the help of species- and decomposition-dependent wood densities from the tree parts: roots, stemwood and, depending on the degree of decomposition, also the merchantable branchwood.

biomass of standing dead trees

(6)

Dry weight (mass) of standing dead trees and shrubs with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥12 cm. This mass is determined with the help of species- and decomposition-dependent wood densities from the tree parts roots, stemwood and, depending on the degree of decomposition, also the merchantable branchwood.

biomass of stumps

(21)

Dry weight (mass) of the stumps ≥7 cm in diameter, i.e. the aboveground, woody parts of trees or shrubs below the felling cut or (in the case of natural decay) below the break surface. The maximum height of a stump is 1.3 m; if it is >1.3 m, it is treated as a snag. The mass is determined on the basis of species- and decomposition-dependent wood densities.

branch brushwood mass of living trees

(8)

Dry weight (mass) of branches <7 cm with bark from living trees and shrubs with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥12 cm.

mass of merchantable branchwood from living trees

(8)

Dry weight (mass) of branches with a diameter ≥7 cm from living trees and shrubs with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥12 cm.

mass of needles/ leaves of living trees

(8)

Dry weight (mass) of the needles and leaves of the living trees and shrubs with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥12 cm.

root mass of living trees

(8)

Dry weight (mass) of the belowground part (roots) of living trees and shrubs with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥12 cm. The dimensions of the roots are determined according to Zell and Wutzler.

stemwood mass of living trees

(8)

Dry weight (mass) of the stemwood with bark of the living trees and shrubs with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥12 cm.

ecological indicators

number of microhabitats on standing living trees

(8)

Number of microhabitats on standing living trees and shrubs ≥12 cm in diameter at breast height (dbh). Microhabitats are defined as: fungal fruiting bodies; areas on the stem where moss, lichen or ivy covers more than 10%; woodpecker breeding cavity; shallow tree cavity; wide crack; bark pocket; fresh break; dendrotelm; canker or burr; buttress-root concavity; deep tree cavity; area of exposed bare wood larger than a hand; stag-headedness; resin flow; insect damage (foot of trunk /trunk/stem); >20% dead branches.

number of stems (standing living trees) with microhabitat

(9)

Number of standing living trees and shrubs ≥12 cm in diameter at breast height (dbh) on which a microhabitat was found. Since various microhabitats at a time may be found on the same tree, the tree may contribute to the number of stems (standing-living) of several different microhabitats. Microhabitats are defined as: fungal fruiting bodies; areas on the stem where moss, lichen or ivy covers more than 10%; woodpecker breeding cavity; shallow tree cavity; wide crack; bark pocket; fresh break; dendrotelm; canker or burr; buttress-root concavity; deep tree cavity; area of exposed bare wood larger than a hand; stag-headedness; resin flow; insect damage (foot of trunk /trunk/stem); >20% dead branches.

fellings

bolewood harvested

(5)

Wood volume of the stem without bark and stump ≥7 cm in diameter (limit for merchantable wood) of all trees and shrubs with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥12 cm that were harvested between two inventories and were alive during the earlier inventory.

fellings

(70)

Stemwood volume of all trees and shrubs with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥12 cm with bark that were harvested between two inventories.

fellings and mortality

(48)

Stemwood volume of all trees and shrubs with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥12 cm with bark that were harvested, died or disappeared between two inventories.

fellings and mortality according to cause of damage

(10)

Volume of stemwood with bark of all trees and shrubs ≥12 cm diameter at breast height (dbh) that were felled, died or disappeared between two inventories with the cause of death given.

merchantable branchwood harvested

(2)

Wood volume of branches ≥7cm in diameter with bark (limit for merchantable wood of all trees and shrubs with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥12 cm that were harvested between two inventories and were alive during the earlier inventory.

merchantable timber harvested

(2)

Wood volume of the stem without bark and stump and the branches with bark ≥7 cm in diameter (limit for merchantable wood) of all trees and shrubs with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥12 cm that were harvested between two inventories and were alive during the earlier inventory. The target variable "merchantable timber harvested" is an approximation of the amount of usable wood. It comes closest to the volume of timber harvested recorded in the Swiss Forest Statistics.

sanitary/salvage fellings

(26)

Volume of stemwood with bark of all trees and shrubs ≥12 cm diameter at breast height (dbh) that were removed from the forest because of damage that occurred between two inventories rather than due to silvicultural planning. The characteristic is derived at the sample plot level from the fellings of the tally trees and the proportion of sanitary/salvage fellings (according to information from the foresters).

sanitary/salvage fellings due to insects

(4)

Stemwood volume of all trees and shrubs with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥12 cm with bark that were not removed from the forest as part of silvicultural planning, but because they had been damaged by insects between two inventories. The variable is derived at the sample plot level from the harvested tally trees and the proportion of sanitary/salvage fellings (according to information provided by the foresters).

sanitary/salvage fellings due to wind

(4)

Stemwood volume of all trees and shrubs with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥12 cm with bark that were not removed from the forest as part of silvicultural planning, but because they had been damaged by wind between two inventories. The variable is derived at the sample plot level from the harvested tally trees and the proportion of sanitary/salvage fellings (according to information provided by the foresters).

forest plots

proportion of forest plots

(128)

Proportion of sample plots that meet the forest definition of NFI, i.e. are covered by "forest without shrub forest" or "shrub forest".

sample size (number of forest plots)

(12)

Number of forest sample plots (Plots).

increment

increment (gross increment)

(76)

Increase in stemwood volume between two inventories of all surviving trees and shrubs with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥12 cm with bark, the stemwood volume of all ingrowing trees and shrubs with bark, and the modelled increase in the stemwood volume of the losses with bark during half the inventory period.

net increment

(66)

Increase in the stemwood volume between two inventories of all surviving trees and shrubs with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥12 cm with bark, the stemwood volume of all ingrowing trees and shrubs with bark, and the modelled increase in the stemwood volume of the losses with bark during half the inventory period minus the volume of mortality. The net increment thus corresponds to the increment (=gross increment) minus the volume of mortality.

mortality

fellings and mortality

(48)

Stemwood volume of all trees and shrubs with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥12 cm with bark that were harvested, died or disappeared between two inventories.

fellings and mortality according to cause of damage

(10)

Volume of stemwood with bark of all trees and shrubs ≥12 cm diameter at breast height (dbh) that were felled, died or disappeared between two inventories with the cause of death given.

mortality

(52)

Stemwood volume of all trees and shrubs with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥12 cm with bark that died naturally between two inventories (e.g. due to windthrow or insects) or disappeared (e.g. due to avalanches), but that were not harvested. Mortality is the sum of natural losses and the remaining mortality.

number of stems

number of deadwood stems

(44)

Number of stems of dead trees and shrubs (standing and lying) with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥12 cm.

number of stems

(368)

Number of stems of living trees and shrubs (standing and lying) with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥12 cm.

stand density index (SDI)

(12)

Measure of the density of a stocking calculated from the number of stems per hectare (in NFI trees and shrubs with a diameter at breast height [dbh] ≥12 cm) and the mean diameter. With a callipering threshold of 0 cm, the SDI is largely independent of the site quality, tree species composition and stand age.

total number of stems

(322)

Number of stems of all living and dead trees and shrubs (standing and lying) with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥12 cm. The total number of stems is the sum of the number of stems and the number of deadwood stems.

total number of stems with two most important forms of damages

(34)

Number of living and dead trees and shrubs (standing and lying) ≥12 cm diameter at breast heigth (dbh) with damage. Only the two most important forms of damage to a tree are recorded. Since a tree may be damaged in different ways, it may contribute more than once to the total number of stems with the two most important forms of damage.

volume

deadwood quantity

(36)

Stemwood volume of standing dead trees and shrubs with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥12 cm less the volume of broken stem pieces, plus the volume of lying deadwood ≥7 cm in diameter (merchantable wood) without merchantable pieces in heaps of branches.

deadwood volume (merch. wood without piles of branches), lying

(50)

Volume of lying deadwood ≥7 cm in diameter (merchantable wood) without merchantable wood pieces in heaps of branches.

deadwood volume (merchantable wood), lying

(28)

Volume of lying deadwood ≥7 cm in diameter (merchantable wood), including merchantable pieces of wood in piles of branches.

deadwood volume of stumps

(21)

Volume of stumps ≥7 cm in diameter, i.e. the aboveground, woody parts of trees or shrubs below the felling cut or (in the case of natural decay) below the break surface. The maximum height of a stump is 1.3 m; if it is >1.3 m, it is treated as a snag.

growing stock (stemwood)

(572)

Stemwood volume of living trees and shrubs (standing and lying) with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥12 cm with bark.

total wood volume (stemwood)

(302)

Stemwood volume of all living and dead trees and shrubs (standing and lying) with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥12 cm with bark. The total wood volume is the sum of the growing stock and deadwood volumes.

volume of bolewood (HG 2010)

(58)

Wood volume of the stem without bark or stump ≥7 cm in diameter (limit for merchantable wood) of all trees and shrubs with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥12 cm, based on the stem-form functions according to Kaufmann (2001). The definition of the assortments is based on the 2010 edition of the Swiss trading customs for raw timber (HG 2010).

volume of deadwood (stemwood)

(216)

Volume of stemwood of all dead trees and shrubs (standing and lying) with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥12 cm with bark.

woody species

diversity of woody species

(8)

Measure for the ecological assessment of forest stands, derived from the number of woody species with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥12 cm and the occurrence of woody species of special ecological significance (willows, birches, alders, native poplars, oaks, chestnut, cherry, wild fruit and Sorbus species) in the upper layer.

number of woody species (≥40 cm high)

(10)

Number of species of trees and shrubs that occur within the 200 m² circle on the sample plot with at least one living individual ≥40 cm high.

Classification

altitudinal vegetation belts (NaiS; 6 classes)

(2)

Altitudinal vegetation belts in the system used in the guidelines for monitoring the sustainability and performance of protection forests (NaiS; Frehner et al. 2005), reduced to six classes. The variable represents a simplification of the NaiS altitudinal vegetation belts with ten classes (NAISHSTKOMB) in which the classes «hyperinsubric» and «colline» are merged with «colline with beech» to form the class «hyperinsubric and colline» and the class «lower montane» with «upper montane» and «lower/upper montane» to form the class «lower and upper montane». The information is based on the altitudinal vegetation belts determined by experts (accessible forest sample plots of NFI4 on the 1.4-km network; Arge Frehner et al. 2020), as well as on the altitudinal vegetation belts modelled for the period 1981-2010 (other sample plots; Zischg et al. 2021). n/a: located above the forest boundary modelled by Zischg et al. and sometimes in the area of lakes, which were relatively roughly cut out by Zischg et al.

time of last treatment (in 5- or 10-year classes)

(2)

Number of years since the last silvicultural treatment in classes of five or ten years. Silvicultural treatments include harvesting and tending interventions, planting and afforestation, as well as sanitary and safety interventions. Reference: Forest Service Survey (MID: 607: Anzahl Jahre seit dem letzten Eingriff)

region

production region

(2)

Demarcation of Switzerland into five regions (Jura, Plateau, Pre-Alps, Alps and Southern Alps) with relatively uniform growth and timber production conditions. The production regions were established by the Federal Office of Forestry long before the first National Forest Inventory (NFI1, 1983-1985). With a small exception along Lake Geneva, the boundaries of the production regions still follow the municipal boundaries of the time. Unlike the NFI, the Forestry Statistics of the Federal Statistical Office don't use the production regions as demarcation but rather the forestry zones, whose boundaries are somewhat different.

economic region

(2)

Division of Switzerland into 14 regions (2 in the Jura, 3 on the Plateau, 3 in the Pre-Alps, 5 in the Alps and 1 in the Southern Alps). The economic regions are a subdivision of the production regions according to economic-geographical criteria.

protective forest region

(2)

Demarcation of Switzerland used in NFI for protective forest analyses. The six protective forest regions were derived from the economic regions by combining individual regions according to natural and statistical criteria.

canton

(2)

Regional demarcation with the cantons as a unit, with the two half-cantons, Basel-Land and Basel-Stadt, combined into one canton for statistical reasons.

biogeographical region

(2)

Demarcation of Switzerland into six regions with similar flora and fauna. The six regions correspond to the basic categories in the publication «The Biogeographical Regions of Switzerland», which was published by FOEN in 2022.

forest district (2023)

(2)

Regional demarcation with the forest districts as a unit. This variable is based on a survey of the cantonal forest services in winter 2022/2023.

evaluation area

accessible forest without shrub forest NFI4/NFI5

(2)

Forest that was less than two-thirds covered with shrubs in both NFI4 (2009-2017) and NFI5 (2018-2026) and is accessible on foot.

accessible forest without shrub forest

(5)

Forest of which less than two-thirds is covered with shrubs that can be accessed on foot.

accessible forest without shrub forest NFI1-NFI5

(5)

Forest that was less than two-thirds covered with shrubs in the five inventories NFI1 (1983-1985), NFI2 (1993-1995), NFI3 (2004-2006), NFI4 (2009-2017) and NFI5 (2018-2026) and was accessible on foot.

grid

1.4 km grid, subgrids 1-5

(2)

Sub-grids 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of the field surveys on the sampling grid with a mesh size of 1.4 km (base grid).

search result: 2 entries on 1 page

LFI5 2018/26

production region

number of woody species (≥ 12 cm dbh)

time of last treatment (in 5- or 10-year classes)·altitudinal vegetation belts (NaiS; 6 classes)

accessible forest without shrub forest NFI4/NFI5

1.4 km grid, subgrids 1-5

LFI4 2009/17

production region

number of woody species (≥ 12 cm dbh)

time of last treatment (in 5- or 10-year classes)·altitudinal vegetation belts (NaiS; 6 classes)

accessible forest without shrub forest NFI4/NFI5

1.4 km grid, subgrids 1-5

search result: 2 entries on 1 page

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