Selection from the list of topics

Estimates and standard error of the estimates

The results published in the NFI tables are estimates for variables in the Swiss forest (population parameters) whose true values are not known and must therefore be extrapolated (estimated) from the NFI sample data.

The extrapolations carry uncertainties. However, the accuracy of the extrapolations can be reliably estimated from the NFI sample, which is designed to be a random sample. To this end, all NFI tables include a second figure in addition to the estimate itself, namely the standard error of the estimate.

In most tables the percent standard error is reported (±%), but the absolute standard error (±) is also reported occasionally, especially for estimated percentages. The relationship between absolute and percent standard error is as follows:

percent standard error = absolute standard error / estimate × 100

absolute standard error = percent standard error × estimate / 100

Information on the forest road network is based on a full survey of all forest roads. In this case, there is no need to specify a standard error because there is no uncertainty caused by sampling.

Confidence interval of the estimate

With the estimate and the standard error of the estimate, the limits of the so-called confidence interval of the estimate can be calculated as:

lower limit = estimate – tQ × absolute standard error

upper limit = estimate + tQ × absolute standard error

If the simple standard error is used for the calculation (tQ = 1), then the 68% confidence interval is formed. In this case, the true value of the population parameter has a 68% probability of lying within this confidence interval of the estimate. If the double standard error is used (tQ = 2), then there is a 95% probability that the true value lies within this 95% confidence interval.

Significance of the estimate

The confidence interval can be used to statistically test whether the estimated population parameter is larger or smaller than a specific reference or target value, or whether two estimated population parameters truly differ (in the real population). For practical applications, proceed as follows: if a reference value lies outside the confidence interval, the estimated population value can be interpreted as being significantly different from it; if it lies within the confidence interval, the difference between the estimated population parameter and the reference value can be interpreted as random or not significant. When two population parameters are compared, they can be interpreted as differing significantly if their confidence intervals do not overlap.

Dealing with missing values

When calculating a results table, data are not always available for all combinations of characteristics^* of the classification variables and regional demarcation applied. In most cases, this indicates that the attribute estimated with the respective target variable does not occur or occurs only very rarely. Usually, the value 0 is used (imputed). However, as this value is not based on direct measurements, the associated standard error is represented with a full stop [.]. If the imputed value of 0 is referred to in the calculation, e.g. in the case of percentages or certain change estimates, no value can be entered. In this case, the estimated value and standard error are both represented with a full stop [.].

For example, no Arolla pines have been found and measured in the Swiss Plateau to date (growing stock of Arolla pines by production region). The values can be assumed to be missing because Arolla pine does not occur in the Swiss Plateau and therefore the growing stock there must be 0.

^* e.g. ‘Arolla pine’ characteristic of the classification variable ‘tree species’ and ‘Swiss plateau’ characteristic of the ‘regional demarcation’

Changes

There are two types of changes in the NFI:

The first type involves specific target variables relating to components of change, such as increment, fellings, mortality and losses. These target variables are only available for two consecutive inventory cycles, e.g. NFI3–NFI4. In the evaluation of components of change, the classification variable characteristic of the second inventory cycle is assigned to the first inventory cycle. These evaluations therefore do not take into account potential changes in a classification variable characteristic from the earlier to the later inventory (e.g. from private to public ownership).

With the second type of change, the difference in target variables, such as number of stems, growing stock or forest area, is used to assess the change between two inventory cycles. Target variables are generally used to represent states, such as that in NFI4, but can also indicate the net change between any two inventory cycles, e.g. NFI1–NFI4. In evaluations of change using these target variables, the change in a classification variable characteristic is considered in the analysis. Consequently, one can detect, for example, that the forest area without shrub forest increased between the two inventory cycles. This only has an effect on classification variables whose characteristic (class) can actually change, e.g. the affiliation with a forest area or the tree condition.

NFI5
total number of stems with two most important forms of damages
altitude (in 200 m classes) · type of damage to trees (13 classes)
regional demarcation: economic region
unit: 1000 n
evaluation area: accessible forest without shrub forest NFI1-NFI5
grid: 1.4 km grid, subgrids 1-5
state 2018/26
		economic region
		Western Jura		Eastern Jura		Western Plateau		Central Plateau		Eastern Plateau		Western Pre-Alps		Central Pre-Alps		Eastern Pre-Alps		Northwestern Alps		Central Alps		Northeastern Alps		Southwestern Alps		Southeastern Alps		Southern Alps		Switzerland
altitude (in 200 m classes)	type of damage to trees (13 classes)	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%
n/a	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	exposed wood core	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	stem breakage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	defoliation >50%	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	canker	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	resinosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	other type of damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	dead trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
>1800 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	69	100	0	.	730	52	0	.	0	.	5152	17	8599	14	1706	27	16256	10
	exposed wood core	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	56	100	0	.	45	73	0	.	0	.	1205	20	1663	18	458	35	3426	12
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	53	58	52	58	0	.	105	41
	stem breakage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	119	41	131	42	69	69	319	28
	defoliation >50%	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	18	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	53	58	57	71	128	42
	canker	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	42	47	126	41	86	37	254	25
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	resinosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	17	100	0	.	273	49	0	.	0	.	1374	26	2046	21	355	43	4065	15
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	14	100	0	.	9	100	0	.	0	.	77	51	62	47	40	100	202	32
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	35	71	0	.	0	.	7	100	75	44	34	71	152	32
	other type of damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	17	100	0	.	0	0	0	.	0	.	143	36	140	30	54	74	354	22
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	104	71	346	48	0	.	450	40
	dead trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	222	100	0	.	203	60	0	.	0	.	1673	22	2314	19	548	41	4959	13
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1601-1800 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	764	51	2811	39	272	100	1719	27	262	48	1022	55	5791	19	6259	16	4120	19	23019	9
	exposed wood core	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	179	78	309	57	0	.	595	34	175	76	7	100	1093	22	843	23	484	28	3686	13
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	32	63	0	.	7	100	39	55
	stem breakage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	30	71	0	.	56	77	0	.	17	100	207	38	97	49	94	40	502	22
	defoliation >50%	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	0	0	.	0	0	7	100	0	.	69	100	94	56	64	100	234	46
	canker	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	7	100	108	56	0	.	25	77	0	.	17	100	54	49	153	45	253	43	617	24
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	18	100	18	100
	resinosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	176	49	452	40	0	.	562	35	217	63	73	49	1643	20	1765	18	674	24	5563	10
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	22	73	0	.	0	.	7	100	0	.	0	.	121	41	97	42	6	100	253	26
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	18	100	18	100	0	.	25	76	0	.	0	.	95	65	70	79	48	54	273	34
	other type of damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	51	48	9	100	7	100	83	42	107	43	107	43	364	22
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	79	92	22	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	49	54	0	.	0	.	151	53
	dead trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	180	59	613	51	127	100	948	39	93	58	96	54	1915	28	1120	21	525	28	5617	14
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1401-1600 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	571	39	0	.	386	53	0	.	0	.	2195	37	2986	23	1513	36	3766	21	1556	37	826	36	5378	18	8388	15	5943	19	33509	7
	exposed wood core	194	45	0	.	47	74	0	.	0	.	273	44	586	26	119	39	871	28	131	62	166	50	1081	23	1443	21	915	21	5826	9
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	0	0	.	0	.	36	71	52	58	25	77	113	39
	stem breakage	19	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	28	63	104	53	30	72	132	35	0	.	0	.	173	45	127	35	107	45	721	18
	defoliation >50%	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	9	100	148	76	0	.	36	71	74	100	24	77	91	50	18	100	37	71	438	34
	canker	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	12	71	7	100	6	100	89	42	24	77	17	100	25	100	39	61	237	31	456	21
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	15	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	15	100
	resinosis	73	52	0	.	14	71	0	.	0	.	639	37	664	25	163	70	730	23	351	42	300	52	984	23	1895	17	744	31	6557	9
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	149	62	55	90	0	.	32	64	10	100	0	.	101	62	62	43	39	68	449	29
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	31	77	104	41	15	100	82	43	7	100	0	0	72	62	25	78	44	72	381	22
	other type of damage	8	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	36	75	22	100	0	.	46	62	52	74	32	63	159	33	148	33	334	29	837	16
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	37	72	0	.	0	.	18	100	0	.	35	71	181	65	53	58	18	100	341	38
	dead trees	44	61	0	.	134	84	0	.	0	.	895	35	901	30	599	56	1278	25	244	46	204	53	1445	22	2198	25	1091	23	9033	10
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1201-1400 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	5032	16	0	.	207	78	0	.	0	.	3484	21	3462	22	2796	20	3028	25	1457	34	1126	35	5075	20	3397	22	4695	20	33759	7
	exposed wood core	737	21	0	.	45	73	0	.	0	.	863	31	923	28	646	30	716	26	295	45	763	34	825	28	821	26	1140	22	7775	9
	crack, woundwood rib	7	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	6	100	0	.	19	58	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	35	71	78	48	146	32
	stem breakage	124	48	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	48	73	85	45	97	70	90	60	0	.	61	53	25	76	74	57	14	71	617	21
	defoliation >50%	206	48	0	.	7	100	0	.	0	.	49	64	45	57	52	57	69	53	7	100	87	80	192	87	25	78	55	74	794	28
	canker	133	48	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	76	47	52	58	74	47	32	65	7	100	14	71	80	41	84	60	373	31	925	17
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	22	100	0	.	17	100	7	100	0	.	0	.	55	100	8	100	109	57
	resinosis	344	25	0	.	26	78	0	.	0	.	321	29	378	30	348	25	351	30	194	44	190	42	380	28	1163	27	651	25	4345	10
	inclusion	27	77	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	190	63	26	77	128	52	39	60	7	100	0	0	42	72	43	85	136	56	637	26
	stag-headedness	92	45	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	18	100	92	42	17	100	7	100	67	59	22	75	206	49	0	.	50	54	571	23
	other type of damage	112	46	0	.	8	100	0	.	0	.	108	46	95	44	72	44	27	80	33	81	39	100	26	77	48	55	369	32	937	17
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	36	71	6	100	0	.	35	100	90	60	60	53	0	.	108	43	334	27
	dead trees	813	26	0	.	15	71	0	.	0	.	1088	27	1120	32	931	23	650	29	304	46	829	42	1066	23	1161	24	1116	25	9092	9
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1001-1200 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	12295	10	0	.	575	58	198	74	140	67	2895	25	6595	15	3456	20	2334	27	1951	30	1640	37	3215	21	2226	29	5567	19	43088	6
	exposed wood core	2209	14	0	.	116	72	7	100	36	84	436	30	1556	21	777	23	612	36	705	39	714	30	668	33	848	31	1802	19	10487	8
	crack, woundwood rib	34	64	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	6	100	22	100	40	61	0	.	18	74	8	100	25	79	65	47	217	26
	stem breakage	175	38	0	.	0	.	0	.	33	100	24	73	235	41	183	49	25	100	34	71	52	100	71	50	157	57	188	36	1177	17
	defoliation >50%	133	40	0	.	69	100	0	.	0	.	36	72	9	100	35	70	6	100	200	53	23	78	0	0	36	71	261	63	810	27
	canker	155	35	0	.	7	100	0	.	20	74	20	76	127	35	127	43	34	71	124	65	0	.	61	53	63	73	155	32	894	16
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	18	100	25	77	0	.	0	.	6	100	0	.	0	.	16	71	65	45
	resinosis	687	20	0	.	7	100	0	.	0	.	368	34	373	27	338	31	182	33	318	46	191	41	393	39	512	41	126	43	3495	11
	inclusion	75	42	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	18	100	107	54	129	73	0	.	15	100	60	90	7	100	36	71	111	44	557	25
	stag-headedness	134	40	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	15	100	71	49	36	100	51	58	92	100	0	.	77	46	42	62	119	52	637	23
	other type of damage	78	44	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	15	100	89	50	179	52	99	46	0	0	24	79	80	46	141	59	321	43	1026	20
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	15	100	37	100	61	76	18	100	0	.	0	.	122	74	18	100	43	71	314	37
	dead trees	1487	18	0	.	59	75	34	100	0	.	638	30	1326	20	1152	32	466	42	537	36	394	43	954	26	563	32	1114	27	8725	9
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
801-1000 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	11227	11	1258	32	1671	30	2445	30	1317	43	1797	32	8460	15	6638	16	1958	26	963	44	886	32	2645	27	1959	28	5562	26	48786	6
	exposed wood core	3078	16	236	44	350	37	377	35	238	48	273	32	1535	22	1104	19	392	32	460	53	749	29	799	33	526	37	2235	22	12351	8
	crack, woundwood rib	28	72	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	13	71	0	.	15	100	6	100	0	.	35	71	58	57	155	32
	stem breakage	197	38	7	100	20	100	0	.	61	48	0	0	89	46	66	47	0	.	36	71	49	58	0	.	37	70	93	72	654	19
	defoliation >50%	201	38	0	.	0	.	37	71	0	.	61	58	109	39	145	49	22	77	0	.	31	64	37	72	120	42	387	53	1150	21
	canker	119	40	0	.	34	65	26	79	17	100	8	100	303	24	116	44	17	71	33	71	26	50	55	75	45	61	42	54	841	15
	bark necrosis	7	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	0	0	.	8	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	7	100	23	58
	resinosis	739	27	28	61	45	54	127	48	51	63	78	57	312	30	383	28	113	77	121	57	146	36	209	46	383	32	93	57	2827	12
	inclusion	164	51	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	39	81	25	100	47	80	10	100	7	100	15	71	22	100	11	100	56	58	397	27
	stag-headedness	163	39	24	100	0	.	17	100	0	.	39	71	154	41	40	61	18	100	18	100	0	.	18	100	68	73	443	49	1001	25
	other type of damage	225	29	17	100	7	100	0	.	7	100	66	75	248	37	141	41	35	71	0	.	22	77	90	59	167	44	149	35	1174	15
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	94	55	0	.	8	100	0	.	22	77	18	100	18	100	188	63	348	38
	dead trees	1647	16	226	53	115	42	212	43	50	74	281	41	1302	22	1136	26	555	34	326	47	408	33	726	31	452	28	1746	26	9183	9
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
601-800 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	10625	13	2142	23	5283	21	9388	14	7951	13	923	46	5778	17	3857	22	1459	29	520	60	884	45	1137	48	2132	25	4497	20	56576	5
	exposed wood core	2053	15	620	36	623	25	1294	17	1356	17	135	63	1335	25	1103	22	442	39	239	54	260	54	379	45	682	30	2651	20	13172	7
	crack, woundwood rib	56	49	17	100	73	63	0	0	24	77	0	.	0	.	0	0	0	.	18	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	35	82	222	31
	stem breakage	132	36	35	100	14	71	82	43	301	27	0	.	100	42	88	53	46	58	0	.	0	.	0	.	38	83	86	46	921	15
	defoliation >50%	145	39	66	60	245	54	106	35	180	34	68	100	468	56	248	37	33	71	41	86	0	0	87	66	40	57	872	35	2600	17
	canker	56	49	21	74	92	47	113	47	88	43	0	.	111	88	79	50	67	72	0	.	0	.	62	77	37	54	123	50	848	19
	bark necrosis	73	53	0	.	0	.	0	0	89	93	0	.	7	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	18	100	0	.	18	100	40	100	246	42
	resinosis	227	32	132	54	387	39	787	32	576	31	33	71	249	35	175	43	35	53	22	100	0	.	31	64	50	54	8	100	2711	14
	inclusion	19	71	0	0	17	100	14	71	0	.	0	.	39	66	18	100	15	100	6	100	18	100	25	76	7	100	7	100	185	28
	stag-headedness	186	30	17	100	24	75	60	68	0	.	0	.	184	47	67	53	15	100	0	.	15	100	17	100	25	76	754	31	1367	19
	other type of damage	218	27	24	77	111	41	63	41	133	36	39	71	149	40	55	54	67	50	18	100	12	100	7	100	50	52	654	63	1599	27
	lying living trees	0	.	35	100	0	.	0	.	50	58	0	.	36	71	60	57	0	.	0	.	15	100	36	71	0	.	98	44	330	25
	dead trees	2169	16	425	36	544	26	797	24	859	23	153	77	829	29	882	27	357	35	0	.	299	41	401	40	413	35	2317	21	10446	8
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
=600 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	5135	16	8058	14	3897	19	11462	11	17200	8	0	.	699	56	994	38	648	62	763	56	102	74	1243	37	35	100	6220	18	56456	5
	exposed wood core	1230	22	1357	16	556	24	1549	15	2847	11	0	.	96	75	744	51	160	80	57	54	46	74	117	52	0	.	2653	18	11414	7
	crack, woundwood rib	23	58	24	77	0	.	57	52	69	42	0	.	0	.	21	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	18	100	212	26
	stem breakage	138	40	256	27	55	57	72	44	285	28	0	.	0	.	21	100	37	100	0	.	0	.	36	71	0	.	85	48	985	14
	defoliation >50%	249	51	239	36	273	36	54	49	427	30	0	.	0	.	79	100	47	74	0	.	0	.	31	72	0	.	604	37	2002	16
	canker	31	64	76	43	0	.	124	37	163	39	0	.	0	.	0	.	8	100	38	60	0	.	58	65	0	.	199	47	697	19
	bark necrosis	7	100	48	74	0	0	0	.	56	53	0	.	0	.	21	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	58	57	189	32
	resinosis	118	43	332	28	108	49	413	21	1336	18	0	.	62	86	28	71	18	100	10	100	0	.	25	100	0	.	60	100	2511	12
	inclusion	0	.	7	100	62	53	24	77	30	64	0	.	0	.	18	71	0	0	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	128	46	269	28
	stag-headedness	142	44	207	35	141	53	73	45	230	29	0	.	0	.	42	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	12	100	0	.	822	28	1670	16
	other type of damage	163	35	146	31	154	37	106	36	375	21	0	.	0	.	66	53	26	100	43	62	6	100	7	100	0	.	232	37	1326	12
	lying living trees	62	53	90	44	0	.	0	.	97	41	0	.	0	.	21	74	15	100	0	.	0	.	18	100	0	.	323	41	627	24
	dead trees	1277	24	1356	19	789	29	658	19	1784	15	0	.	64	52	298	42	148	56	82	63	68	80	396	45	0	.	3172	18	10092	8
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
total	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	44884	4	11458	11	12019	12	23493	8	26609	6	12059	12	30860	7	19526	9	15642	10	7472	16	6486	16	29637	7	32994	7	38310	6	311449	2
	exposed wood core	9501	7	2213	15	1737	15	3228	11	4477	9	2159	17	6397	10	4493	12	3833	13	2063	21	2705	16	6168	10	6825	9	12339	7	68136	3
	crack, woundwood rib	148	29	41	61	73	63	57	52	93	37	6	100	6	100	75	45	40	61	33	71	24	61	128	35	199	29	286	24	1209	12
	stem breakage	785	17	298	26	88	43	154	31	680	18	100	43	644	20	485	26	387	25	70	50	179	39	630	21	661	21	735	18	5895	6
	defoliation >50%	935	21	304	31	594	30	198	26	607	23	222	39	780	37	559	26	231	29	331	41	166	47	507	39	387	23	2337	20	8156	9
	canker	494	20	97	38	133	37	263	28	288	27	123	33	708	20	402	22	272	27	227	39	74	39	436	22	548	21	1467	14	5532	7
	bark necrosis	87	46	48	74	0	0	0	0	144	61	0	0	62	53	54	54	17	100	7	100	25	79	0	.	74	79	146	39	665	21
	resinosis	2187	12	492	24	586	28	1326	20	1963	15	1614	18	2508	12	1436	15	2265	14	1233	22	900	22	5039	11	7814	9	2710	13	32074	4
	inclusion	285	32	7	100	79	47	37	55	30	64	418	37	266	33	340	36	113	34	45	47	93	62	396	25	318	23	523	23	2949	10
	stag-headedness	717	17	249	31	166	47	150	37	230	29	121	39	623	20	218	34	234	26	184	55	38	60	505	27	305	29	2315	17	6052	8
	other type of damage	804	15	187	27	280	26	169	27	514	18	265	31	621	20	512	24	351	23	154	37	142	37	595	18	800	17	2220	21	7616	7
	lying living trees	62	53	125	42	0	.	0	.	147	34	52	59	281	36	170	37	58	52	35	100	162	39	589	29	436	39	779	24	2895	12
	dead trees	7437	8	2007	16	1656	18	1702	14	2693	12	3234	15	6379	11	5125	13	4605	13	1587	20	2299	19	8577	10	8222	10	11627	8	67148	3
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.

Table citation

Abegg, M.; Ahles, P.; Allgaier Leuch, B.; Cioldi, F.; Didion, M.; Düggelin, C.; Fischer, C.; Herold, A.; Meile, R.; Rohner, B.; Rösler, E.; Speich, S.; Temperli, C.; Traub, B.,
2023: Swiss national forest inventory - Result table No. 1267393. Birmensdorf, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL

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