Selection from the list of topics

Estimates and standard error of the estimates

The results published in the NFI tables are estimates for variables in the Swiss forest (population parameters) whose true values are not known and must therefore be extrapolated (estimated) from the NFI sample data.

The extrapolations carry uncertainties. However, the accuracy of the extrapolations can be reliably estimated from the NFI sample, which is designed to be a random sample. To this end, all NFI tables include a second figure in addition to the estimate itself, namely the standard error of the estimate.

In most tables the percent standard error is reported (±%), but the absolute standard error (±) is also reported occasionally, especially for estimated percentages. The relationship between absolute and percent standard error is as follows:

percent standard error = absolute standard error / estimate × 100

absolute standard error = percent standard error × estimate / 100

Information on the forest road network is based on a full survey of all forest roads. In this case, there is no need to specify a standard error because there is no uncertainty caused by sampling.

Confidence interval of the estimate

With the estimate and the standard error of the estimate, the limits of the so-called confidence interval of the estimate can be calculated as:

lower limit = estimate – tQ × absolute standard error

upper limit = estimate + tQ × absolute standard error

If the simple standard error is used for the calculation (tQ = 1), then the 68% confidence interval is formed. In this case, the true value of the population parameter has a 68% probability of lying within this confidence interval of the estimate. If the double standard error is used (tQ = 2), then there is a 95% probability that the true value lies within this 95% confidence interval.

Significance of the estimate

The confidence interval can be used to statistically test whether the estimated population parameter is larger or smaller than a specific reference or target value, or whether two estimated population parameters truly differ (in the real population). For practical applications, proceed as follows: if a reference value lies outside the confidence interval, the estimated population value can be interpreted as being significantly different from it; if it lies within the confidence interval, the difference between the estimated population parameter and the reference value can be interpreted as random or not significant. When two population parameters are compared, they can be interpreted as differing significantly if their confidence intervals do not overlap.

Dealing with missing values

When calculating a results table, data are not always available for all combinations of characteristics^* of the classification variables and regional demarcation applied. In most cases, this indicates that the attribute estimated with the respective target variable does not occur or occurs only very rarely. Usually, the value 0 is used (imputed). However, as this value is not based on direct measurements, the associated standard error is represented with a full stop [.]. If the imputed value of 0 is referred to in the calculation, e.g. in the case of percentages or certain change estimates, no value can be entered. In this case, the estimated value and standard error are both represented with a full stop [.].

For example, no Arolla pines have been found and measured in the Swiss Plateau to date (growing stock of Arolla pines by production region). The values can be assumed to be missing because Arolla pine does not occur in the Swiss Plateau and therefore the growing stock there must be 0.

^* e.g. ‘Arolla pine’ characteristic of the classification variable ‘tree species’ and ‘Swiss plateau’ characteristic of the ‘regional demarcation’

Changes

There are two types of changes in the NFI:

The first type involves specific target variables relating to components of change, such as increment, fellings, mortality and losses. These target variables are only available for two consecutive inventory cycles, e.g. NFI3–NFI4. In the evaluation of components of change, the classification variable characteristic of the second inventory cycle is assigned to the first inventory cycle. These evaluations therefore do not take into account potential changes in a classification variable characteristic from the earlier to the later inventory (e.g. from private to public ownership).

With the second type of change, the difference in target variables, such as number of stems, growing stock or forest area, is used to assess the change between two inventory cycles. Target variables are generally used to represent states, such as that in NFI4, but can also indicate the net change between any two inventory cycles, e.g. NFI1–NFI4. In evaluations of change using these target variables, the change in a classification variable characteristic is considered in the analysis. Consequently, one can detect, for example, that the forest area without shrub forest increased between the two inventory cycles. This only has an effect on classification variables whose characteristic (class) can actually change, e.g. the affiliation with a forest area or the tree condition.

NFI5
total number of stems with two most important forms of damages
altitude (in 200 m classes) · type of damage to trees (13 classes)
regional demarcation: economic region
unit: 1000 n
evaluation area: accessible forest without shrub forest NFI4/NFI5
grid: 1.4 km grid, subgrids 1-5
state 2018/26
		economic region
		Western Jura		Eastern Jura		Western Plateau		Central Plateau		Eastern Plateau		Western Pre-Alps		Central Pre-Alps		Eastern Pre-Alps		Northwestern Alps		Central Alps		Northeastern Alps		Southwestern Alps		Southeastern Alps		Southern Alps		Switzerland
altitude (in 200 m classes)	type of damage to trees (13 classes)	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%
n/a	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	exposed wood core	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	stem breakage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	defoliation >50%	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	canker	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	resinosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	other type of damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	dead trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
>1800 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	496	100	69	100	0	.	769	50	255	100	71	100	5408	16	11320	12	3932	17	22320	8
	exposed wood core	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	15	100	56	100	0	.	83	55	0	.	25	100	1422	18	2376	16	1036	23	5012	10
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	60	52	107	41	132	49	299	28
	stem breakage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	18	100	154	39	175	35	209	44	555	23
	defoliation >50%	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	18	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	53	58	76	59	147	39
	canker	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	28	100	59	44	143	38	137	31	368	22
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	resinosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	17	100	0	.	304	45	36	100	0	.	1618	23	2607	18	1029	25	5612	12
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	14	100	0	.	9	100	0	.	0	.	85	47	86	44	40	100	234	30
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	35	71	0	.	53	100	14	71	114	38	34	71	250	31
	other type of damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	17	100	0	.	7	100	18	100	0	.	209	31	194	27	274	41	720	20
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	122	62	452	39	93	49	667	29
	dead trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	222	100	0	.	237	53	18	100	0	.	1827	21	2918	17	876	29	6099	12
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1601-1800 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	764	51	2945	38	272	100	2360	23	262	48	1065	53	6651	18	8080	14	4793	18	27192	8
	exposed wood core	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	179	78	353	51	0	.	720	32	193	70	43	86	1222	20	1174	19	768	30	4653	11
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	49	54	0	.	7	100	56	49
	stem breakage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	62	62	0	.	56	77	0	.	17	100	264	34	135	41	112	37	647	20
	defoliation >50%	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	0	0	.	0	0	7	100	0	.	69	100	101	53	64	100	241	45
	canker	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	7	100	108	56	0	.	52	64	18	100	17	100	54	49	168	42	292	39	716	22
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	18	100	18	100
	resinosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	176	49	509	36	0	.	708	31	242	57	81	45	1785	19	2419	16	687	23	6607	9
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	22	73	37	100	0	.	18	72	0	.	7	100	238	50	118	39	14	71	454	29
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	18	100	18	100	0	.	25	76	0	.	0	.	95	65	87	66	48	54	290	32
	other type of damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	18	100	0	.	110	40	9	100	7	100	100	39	179	38	141	37	564	19
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	79	92	22	100	35	100	0	.	0	.	68	48	18	100	16	100	238	39
	dead trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	180	59	632	49	127	100	1042	36	93	58	96	54	2233	25	1334	18	600	25	6338	13
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1401-1600 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	680	34	0	.	386	53	0	.	0	.	2465	34	3260	22	1622	34	4402	19	1679	34	923	34	5872	17	9563	14	7386	17	38238	7
	exposed wood core	229	40	0	.	47	74	0	.	0	.	282	43	717	27	119	39	1220	26	285	44	201	44	1231	22	1708	20	1194	18	7232	9
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	0	0	.	0	.	53	58	88	45	25	77	166	32
	stem breakage	19	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	28	63	104	53	30	72	132	35	0	.	0	.	173	45	127	35	143	42	757	18
	defoliation >50%	7	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	23	72	148	76	0	.	36	71	74	100	24	77	91	50	36	71	37	71	477	32
	canker	7	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	12	71	7	100	6	100	89	42	24	77	17	100	25	100	39	61	253	30	480	20
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	15	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	15	100
	resinosis	80	48	0	.	14	71	0	.	0	.	700	34	781	24	194	61	918	25	431	39	307	51	1025	22	2152	16	840	29	7441	9
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	149	62	55	90	0	.	78	57	10	100	0	.	101	62	62	43	39	68	495	27
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	31	77	104	41	24	73	82	43	7	100	0	0	72	62	43	62	44	72	408	21
	other type of damage	8	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	36	75	22	100	9	100	81	55	52	74	49	54	194	33	148	33	417	26	1016	15
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	37	72	0	.	0	.	18	100	58	100	104	71	198	60	88	53	84	59	586	29
	dead trees	51	54	0	.	134	84	0	.	0	.	930	34	901	30	607	55	1391	24	290	41	357	49	1532	21	2385	23	1436	21	10015	10
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1201-1400 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	5587	17	0	.	253	66	0	.	0	.	3892	21	3593	21	3225	19	3046	25	1935	29	1403	30	5748	19	3584	21	5141	18	37408	7
	exposed wood core	745	21	0	.	45	73	0	.	0	.	872	30	1059	26	769	27	770	25	463	38	981	31	1343	27	887	25	1393	19	9327	8
	crack, woundwood rib	7	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	6	100	0	.	19	58	0	.	35	100	0	.	0	.	35	71	78	48	181	33
	stem breakage	124	48	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	48	73	85	45	97	70	90	60	35	100	61	53	25	76	84	52	14	71	663	20
	defoliation >50%	206	48	0	.	7	100	0	.	0	.	49	64	45	57	52	57	69	53	7	100	105	69	230	74	25	78	72	61	868	26
	canker	133	48	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	104	44	52	58	74	47	32	65	81	71	21	58	146	50	95	54	373	31	1111	16
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	22	100	0	.	17	100	25	76	0	.	0	.	55	100	8	100	127	51
	resinosis	344	25	0	.	26	78	0	.	0	.	532	34	492	29	381	23	351	30	345	48	219	38	398	27	1205	27	683	24	4976	10
	inclusion	27	77	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	255	53	26	77	128	52	39	60	14	71	26	100	61	58	43	85	136	56	753	24
	stag-headedness	92	45	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	18	100	92	42	17	100	7	100	67	59	22	75	229	46	0	.	50	54	594	22
	other type of damage	112	46	0	.	8	100	0	.	0	.	144	42	95	44	72	44	27	80	107	49	57	75	26	77	58	48	436	29	1141	15
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	36	71	6	100	0	.	158	81	90	60	78	47	0	.	108	43	475	32
	dead trees	813	26	0	.	15	71	0	.	0	.	1105	26	1138	32	949	22	650	29	463	43	898	39	1331	22	1237	24	1133	24	9732	9
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1001-1200 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	12302	10	0	.	575	58	198	74	140	67	3456	24	7162	15	3920	18	2497	26	2075	29	1640	37	4041	19	2910	25	6343	17	47260	6
	exposed wood core	2209	14	0	.	116	72	7	100	36	84	555	27	1556	21	896	22	679	34	759	37	746	29	755	30	1310	28	1946	18	11570	7
	crack, woundwood rib	34	64	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	6	100	22	100	40	61	0	.	18	74	8	100	51	64	65	47	244	25
	stem breakage	175	38	0	.	0	.	0	.	33	100	178	62	235	41	225	44	25	100	51	58	52	100	71	50	157	57	188	36	1391	17
	defoliation >50%	133	40	0	.	69	100	0	.	0	.	54	58	9	100	106	71	50	89	200	53	23	78	0	0	112	66	261	63	1019	24
	canker	155	35	0	.	7	100	0	.	20	74	20	76	127	35	127	43	34	71	124	65	0	.	71	47	63	73	194	29	943	16
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	18	100	25	77	0	.	0	.	6	100	0	.	0	.	16	71	65	45
	resinosis	687	20	0	.	7	100	0	.	0	.	553	40	494	30	388	28	182	33	353	43	215	38	523	36	587	37	179	42	4168	11
	inclusion	75	42	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	18	100	107	54	129	73	0	.	15	100	67	81	15	71	36	71	111	44	572	25
	stag-headedness	134	40	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	33	71	114	48	51	76	77	51	92	100	0	.	77	46	42	62	151	43	771	20
	other type of damage	78	44	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	50	58	131	47	186	50	99	46	53	75	41	62	107	39	190	48	451	35	1387	17
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	15	100	37	100	61	76	18	100	71	100	0	.	139	66	18	100	134	71	492	33
	dead trees	1487	18	0	.	59	75	34	100	0	.	690	29	1326	20	1211	31	551	37	537	36	394	43	1096	26	682	28	1217	25	9283	9
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
801-1000 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	11414	11	1445	31	1671	30	2445	30	1679	37	1971	31	8836	15	6994	16	2171	25	1208	39	918	31	2793	26	1987	27	6370	23	51901	6
	exposed wood core	3078	16	256	42	350	37	377	35	320	40	342	32	1535	22	1337	19	419	31	497	49	945	27	806	33	583	35	2405	21	13252	7
	crack, woundwood rib	28	72	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	0	0	.	13	71	0	.	15	100	6	100	0	.	35	71	58	57	155	32
	stem breakage	197	38	7	100	20	100	0	.	61	48	0	0	89	46	104	41	0	.	36	71	85	54	0	.	37	70	93	72	728	19
	defoliation >50%	201	38	0	.	0	.	37	71	48	80	61	58	109	39	145	49	49	65	15	100	31	64	37	72	120	42	387	53	1240	20
	canker	119	40	0	.	34	65	26	79	17	100	8	100	303	24	167	39	71	78	48	58	26	50	55	75	45	61	42	54	961	15
	bark necrosis	7	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	0	0	.	8	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	7	100	23	58
	resinosis	739	27	28	61	45	54	127	48	51	63	78	57	312	30	443	26	137	66	140	51	146	36	209	46	412	31	93	57	2959	11
	inclusion	164	51	19	100	0	.	0	.	65	100	39	81	25	100	47	80	37	78	7	100	15	71	29	79	11	100	56	58	515	25
	stag-headedness	163	39	24	100	0	.	17	100	0	.	39	71	154	41	133	72	18	100	18	100	18	100	18	100	68	73	443	49	1112	24
	other type of damage	225	29	28	73	7	100	0	.	7	100	66	75	248	37	148	39	89	67	0	.	56	68	90	59	167	44	168	33	1298	14
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	94	55	0	.	8	100	18	100	22	77	18	100	18	100	204	58	382	35
	dead trees	1666	16	226	53	115	42	212	43	65	62	298	39	1496	23	1236	25	582	32	388	42	535	31	744	31	452	28	1882	24	9898	8
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
601-800 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	10686	13	2142	23	5283	21	9388	14	8036	13	923	46	5872	16	3857	22	1459	29	520	60	884	45	1196	46	2132	25	4541	19	56920	5
	exposed wood core	2093	15	620	36	623	25	1294	17	1356	17	135	63	1335	25	1103	22	442	39	239	54	260	54	379	45	682	30	2674	20	13235	7
	crack, woundwood rib	56	49	17	100	73	63	0	0	24	77	0	.	0	.	0	0	0	.	18	100	0	.	17	100	0	.	35	82	240	29
	stem breakage	132	36	61	71	14	71	82	43	301	27	0	.	100	42	88	53	46	58	0	.	0	.	0	.	38	83	86	46	947	15
	defoliation >50%	163	36	66	60	245	54	106	35	180	34	68	100	468	56	248	37	33	71	41	86	0	0	87	66	40	57	872	35	2618	17
	canker	56	49	21	74	92	47	113	47	88	43	0	.	111	88	79	50	67	72	0	.	0	.	62	77	37	54	123	50	848	19
	bark necrosis	73	53	0	.	0	.	0	0	89	93	0	.	7	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	18	100	0	.	18	100	40	100	246	42
	resinosis	227	32	132	54	387	39	787	32	576	31	33	71	249	35	175	43	35	53	22	100	0	.	31	64	50	54	8	100	2711	14
	inclusion	19	71	26	100	17	100	14	71	0	.	0	.	39	66	18	100	15	100	6	100	18	100	25	76	7	100	7	100	211	27
	stag-headedness	186	30	17	100	24	75	60	68	0	.	0	.	184	47	67	53	15	100	0	.	15	100	17	100	25	76	754	31	1367	19
	other type of damage	218	27	24	77	111	41	63	41	133	36	39	71	149	40	55	54	67	50	18	100	12	100	7	100	50	52	654	63	1599	27
	lying living trees	0	.	35	100	0	.	0	.	50	58	0	.	36	71	60	57	0	.	0	.	15	100	36	71	0	.	98	44	330	25
	dead trees	2169	16	425	36	544	26	797	24	859	23	153	77	829	29	882	27	357	35	0	.	299	41	477	37	413	35	2317	21	10522	8
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
=600 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	5212	16	8058	14	4042	19	11479	11	17454	8	0	.	699	56	994	38	648	62	896	48	102	74	1289	36	35	100	6550	18	57457	5
	exposed wood core	1272	22	1357	16	606	23	1573	15	2877	11	0	.	96	75	744	51	160	80	65	49	46	74	207	46	0	.	2904	17	11907	7
	crack, woundwood rib	23	58	24	77	0	.	57	52	69	42	0	.	0	.	21	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	18	100	212	26
	stem breakage	138	40	256	27	55	57	72	44	285	28	0	.	0	.	21	100	37	100	0	.	0	.	111	71	0	.	85	48	1060	15
	defoliation >50%	249	51	239	36	273	36	54	49	444	29	0	.	0	.	79	100	47	74	37	100	0	.	31	72	0	.	628	36	2080	16
	canker	31	64	76	43	0	.	124	37	163	39	0	.	0	.	0	.	8	100	38	60	0	.	85	55	0	.	206	45	731	19
	bark necrosis	7	100	48	74	0	0	0	.	56	53	0	.	0	.	21	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	58	57	189	32
	resinosis	118	43	332	28	108	49	413	21	1336	18	0	.	62	86	28	71	18	100	18	71	0	.	25	100	0	.	60	100	2519	12
	inclusion	0	.	7	100	62	53	24	77	30	64	0	.	0	.	18	71	0	0	8	100	0	.	0	0	0	.	128	46	277	27
	stag-headedness	142	44	207	35	141	53	73	45	230	29	0	.	0	.	42	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	12	100	0	.	822	28	1670	16
	other type of damage	163	35	146	31	154	37	123	34	375	21	0	.	0	.	66	53	26	100	43	62	6	100	34	82	0	.	274	33	1412	12
	lying living trees	62	53	90	44	0	.	0	.	97	41	0	.	0	.	21	74	15	100	0	.	0	.	18	100	0	.	323	41	627	24
	dead trees	1285	24	1356	19	851	28	725	20	1784	15	0	.	64	52	298	42	148	56	127	54	68	80	431	42	0	.	3335	17	10471	8
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
total	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	45881	4	11645	11	12211	12	23510	8	27309	6	13968	12	32437	7	20883	8	17351	9	8830	14	7005	15	32999	7	39610	6	45057	5	338696	2
	exposed wood core	9625	7	2233	15	1786	14	3251	11	4588	9	2381	16	6707	10	4968	11	4494	12	2501	19	3247	15	7366	9	8720	8	14320	6	76188	2
	crack, woundwood rib	148	29	41	61	73	63	57	52	93	37	6	100	6	100	75	45	40	61	68	62	24	61	187	29	316	24	418	23	1553	11
	stem breakage	785	17	324	25	88	43	154	31	680	18	255	46	676	20	565	24	387	25	122	43	232	34	798	20	753	19	929	17	6747	6
	defoliation >50%	960	20	304	31	594	30	198	26	672	22	254	35	780	37	630	26	301	28	383	37	183	43	545	37	488	24	2398	19	8690	8
	canker	501	20	97	38	133	37	263	28	288	27	151	33	708	20	453	22	353	27	334	32	110	38	556	21	590	20	1619	13	6158	6
	bark necrosis	87	46	48	74	0	0	0	0	144	61	0	0	62	53	54	54	17	100	25	76	25	79	0	.	74	79	146	39	682	21
	resinosis	2194	12	492	24	586	28	1326	20	1963	15	2072	18	2916	12	1609	14	2653	14	1589	20	967	21	5613	10	9432	8	3579	12	36992	3
	inclusion	285	32	52	63	79	47	37	55	95	71	483	35	303	31	340	36	196	32	60	40	133	48	553	26	364	22	530	23	3511	10
	stag-headedness	717	17	249	31	166	47	150	37	230	29	139	36	666	20	335	36	260	25	184	55	108	56	535	26	379	25	2347	16	6463	8
	other type of damage	804	15	198	26	280	26	186	26	514	18	335	27	681	20	535	23	506	21	300	28	229	30	768	16	986	16	2815	17	9137	7
	lying living trees	62	53	125	42	0	.	0	.	147	34	52	59	281	36	170	37	93	49	304	52	231	40	678	26	594	31	1060	21	3798	11
	dead trees	7472	8	2007	16	1717	17	1769	14	2708	12	3356	15	6610	11	5310	13	4958	13	1915	18	2647	18	9672	9	9421	9	12795	7	72357	3
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.

Table citation

Abegg, M.; Ahles, P.; Allgaier Leuch, B.; Cioldi, F.; Didion, M.; Düggelin, C.; Fischer, C.; Herold, A.; Meile, R.; Rohner, B.; Rösler, E.; Speich, S.; Temperli, C.; Traub, B.,
2023: Swiss national forest inventory - Result table No. 1267400. Birmensdorf, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL

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