Selection from the list of topics

Estimates and standard error of the estimates

The results published in the NFI tables are estimates for variables in the Swiss forest (population parameters) whose true values are not known and must therefore be extrapolated (estimated) from the NFI sample data.

The extrapolations carry uncertainties. However, the accuracy of the extrapolations can be reliably estimated from the NFI sample, which is designed to be a random sample. To this end, all NFI tables include a second figure in addition to the estimate itself, namely the standard error of the estimate.

In most tables the percent standard error is reported (±%), but the absolute standard error (±) is also reported occasionally, especially for estimated percentages. The relationship between absolute and percent standard error is as follows:

percent standard error = absolute standard error / estimate × 100

absolute standard error = percent standard error × estimate / 100

Information on the forest road network is based on a full survey of all forest roads. In this case, there is no need to specify a standard error because there is no uncertainty caused by sampling.

Confidence interval of the estimate

With the estimate and the standard error of the estimate, the limits of the so-called confidence interval of the estimate can be calculated as:

lower limit = estimate – tQ × absolute standard error

upper limit = estimate + tQ × absolute standard error

If the simple standard error is used for the calculation (tQ = 1), then the 68% confidence interval is formed. In this case, the true value of the population parameter has a 68% probability of lying within this confidence interval of the estimate. If the double standard error is used (tQ = 2), then there is a 95% probability that the true value lies within this 95% confidence interval.

Significance of the estimate

The confidence interval can be used to statistically test whether the estimated population parameter is larger or smaller than a specific reference or target value, or whether two estimated population parameters truly differ (in the real population). For practical applications, proceed as follows: if a reference value lies outside the confidence interval, the estimated population value can be interpreted as being significantly different from it; if it lies within the confidence interval, the difference between the estimated population parameter and the reference value can be interpreted as random or not significant. When two population parameters are compared, they can be interpreted as differing significantly if their confidence intervals do not overlap.

Dealing with missing values

When calculating a results table, data are not always available for all combinations of characteristics^* of the classification variables and regional demarcation applied. In most cases, this indicates that the attribute estimated with the respective target variable does not occur or occurs only very rarely. Usually, the value 0 is used (imputed). However, as this value is not based on direct measurements, the associated standard error is represented with a full stop [.]. If the imputed value of 0 is referred to in the calculation, e.g. in the case of percentages or certain change estimates, no value can be entered. In this case, the estimated value and standard error are both represented with a full stop [.].

For example, no Arolla pines have been found and measured in the Swiss Plateau to date (growing stock of Arolla pines by production region). The values can be assumed to be missing because Arolla pine does not occur in the Swiss Plateau and therefore the growing stock there must be 0.

^* e.g. ‘Arolla pine’ characteristic of the classification variable ‘tree species’ and ‘Swiss plateau’ characteristic of the ‘regional demarcation’

Changes

There are two types of changes in the NFI:

The first type involves specific target variables relating to components of change, such as increment, fellings, mortality and losses. These target variables are only available for two consecutive inventory cycles, e.g. NFI3–NFI4. In the evaluation of components of change, the classification variable characteristic of the second inventory cycle is assigned to the first inventory cycle. These evaluations therefore do not take into account potential changes in a classification variable characteristic from the earlier to the later inventory (e.g. from private to public ownership).

With the second type of change, the difference in target variables, such as number of stems, growing stock or forest area, is used to assess the change between two inventory cycles. Target variables are generally used to represent states, such as that in NFI4, but can also indicate the net change between any two inventory cycles, e.g. NFI1–NFI4. In evaluations of change using these target variables, the change in a classification variable characteristic is considered in the analysis. Consequently, one can detect, for example, that the forest area without shrub forest increased between the two inventory cycles. This only has an effect on classification variables whose characteristic (class) can actually change, e.g. the affiliation with a forest area or the tree condition.

NFI5
total number of stems with two most important forms of damages
altitude (in 200 m classes) · type of damage to trees (13 classes)
regional demarcation: economic region
unit: 1000 n
evaluation area: accessible forest without shrub forest
grid: 1.4 km grid, subgrids 1-5
state 2018/26
		economic region
		Western Jura		Eastern Jura		Western Plateau		Central Plateau		Eastern Plateau		Western Pre-Alps		Central Pre-Alps		Eastern Pre-Alps		Northwestern Alps		Central Alps		Northeastern Alps		Southwestern Alps		Southeastern Alps		Southern Alps		Switzerland
altitude (in 200 m classes)	type of damage to trees (13 classes)	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%
n/a	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	exposed wood core	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	stem breakage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	defoliation >50%	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	canker	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	resinosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	other type of damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	dead trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
>1800 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	496	100	69	100	0	.	769	50	255	100	71	100	5873	16	11610	12	3932	17	23075	8
	exposed wood core	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	15	100	56	100	0	.	83	55	0	.	25	100	1483	17	2401	16	1036	23	5098	10
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	78	46	107	41	132	49	317	27
	stem breakage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	18	100	154	39	175	35	209	44	555	23
	defoliation >50%	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	18	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	53	58	76	59	147	39
	canker	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	28	100	59	44	143	38	137	31	368	22
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	resinosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	17	100	0	.	304	45	36	100	0	.	1751	22	2804	17	1029	25	5941	11
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	14	100	0	.	9	100	0	.	0	.	85	47	86	44	40	100	234	30
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	35	71	0	.	53	100	14	71	114	38	34	71	250	31
	other type of damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	17	100	0	.	7	100	18	100	0	.	209	31	194	27	274	41	720	20
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	140	56	452	39	93	49	684	29
	dead trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	222	100	0	.	237	53	18	100	0	.	1827	21	2994	16	876	29	6175	11
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1601-1800 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	771	51	3174	35	272	100	2396	22	262	48	1073	52	6706	18	8661	14	4947	17	28262	8
	exposed wood core	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	204	69	375	48	0	.	764	31	193	70	65	66	1240	20	1202	19	785	29	4829	11
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	49	54	0	.	7	100	56	49
	stem breakage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	62	62	0	.	56	77	0	.	17	100	264	34	135	41	128	35	663	19
	defoliation >50%	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	0	0	.	0	0	7	100	87	100	69	100	101	53	64	100	329	42
	canker	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	7	100	108	56	0	.	52	64	18	100	17	100	54	49	168	42	292	39	716	22
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	18	100	18	100
	resinosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	194	45	523	35	0	.	708	31	242	57	212	64	1785	19	2443	16	687	23	6795	9
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	22	73	37	100	0	.	18	72	0	.	95	93	238	50	126	37	14	71	549	29
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	18	100	18	100	0	.	25	76	0	.	0	.	95	65	87	66	64	47	307	31
	other type of damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	18	100	0	.	143	39	9	100	51	87	100	39	196	36	157	34	674	18
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	101	75	22	100	35	100	0	.	0	.	68	48	53	74	16	100	294	34
	dead trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	237	51	661	47	127	100	1042	36	93	58	96	54	2251	25	1410	18	659	24	6577	12
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1401-1600 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	680	34	0	.	386	53	0	.	0	.	2465	34	3260	22	1622	34	4523	19	1923	31	923	34	6067	17	9563	14	7423	17	38834	7
	exposed wood core	229	40	0	.	47	74	0	.	0	.	282	43	717	27	119	39	1312	25	326	41	201	44	1239	22	1708	20	1246	18	7425	9
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	0	0	.	0	.	53	58	88	45	25	77	166	32
	stem breakage	19	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	28	63	104	53	30	72	132	35	0	.	0	.	173	45	127	35	143	42	757	18
	defoliation >50%	7	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	23	72	148	76	0	.	36	71	74	100	24	77	91	50	36	71	37	71	477	32
	canker	7	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	12	71	7	100	6	100	89	42	24	77	17	100	25	100	39	61	253	30	480	20
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	15	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	15	100
	resinosis	80	48	0	.	14	71	0	.	0	.	700	34	781	24	194	61	925	25	431	39	307	51	1151	21	2152	16	840	29	7573	9
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	149	62	55	90	0	.	78	57	10	100	0	.	603	84	62	43	39	68	996	52
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	31	77	104	41	24	73	82	43	7	100	0	0	72	62	43	62	44	72	408	21
	other type of damage	8	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	36	75	22	100	9	100	81	55	69	61	49	54	218	31	148	33	433	26	1073	15
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	37	72	0	.	0	.	18	100	58	100	104	71	198	60	88	53	102	52	605	28
	dead trees	51	54	0	.	134	84	0	.	0	.	947	33	901	30	607	55	1436	23	308	39	357	49	1568	20	2385	23	1486	20	10182	9
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1201-1400 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	5587	17	0	.	253	66	40	100	0	.	4035	20	3635	21	3234	19	3347	24	1953	29	1403	30	5784	19	3860	21	5148	18	38280	6
	exposed wood core	745	21	0	.	45	73	146	100	0	.	881	30	1110	25	778	27	770	25	463	38	981	31	1343	27	887	25	1400	19	9548	8
	crack, woundwood rib	7	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	6	100	0	.	19	58	0	.	35	100	0	.	0	.	35	71	78	48	181	33
	stem breakage	124	48	0	.	0	.	7	100	0	.	48	73	85	45	97	70	90	60	35	100	61	53	25	76	84	52	14	71	670	20
	defoliation >50%	206	48	0	.	7	100	0	.	0	.	49	64	45	57	52	57	69	53	7	100	105	69	230	74	25	78	72	61	868	26
	canker	133	48	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	104	44	67	50	74	47	32	65	81	71	21	58	146	50	95	54	373	31	1126	16
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	22	100	0	.	17	100	25	76	0	.	0	.	55	100	8	100	127	51
	resinosis	344	25	0	.	26	78	17	100	0	.	566	33	492	29	390	23	351	30	345	48	219	38	398	27	1266	26	690	24	5103	10
	inclusion	27	77	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	255	53	26	77	128	52	39	60	14	71	26	100	61	58	43	85	136	56	753	24
	stag-headedness	92	45	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	18	100	92	42	17	100	7	100	67	59	22	75	229	46	0	.	50	54	594	22
	other type of damage	112	46	0	.	8	100	0	.	0	.	144	42	95	44	72	44	27	80	107	49	57	75	26	77	58	48	436	29	1141	15
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	36	71	6	100	0	.	158	81	90	60	78	47	0	.	125	39	493	31
	dead trees	813	26	0	.	15	71	30	100	0	.	1105	26	1263	30	949	22	650	29	463	43	898	39	1331	22	1237	24	1133	24	9886	9
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1001-1200 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	12302	10	0	.	575	58	198	74	140	67	3494	23	7162	15	3920	18	2521	26	2075	29	1640	37	4041	19	2940	24	6511	17	47520	6
	exposed wood core	2246	14	0	.	116	72	7	100	36	84	567	27	1556	21	896	22	698	33	759	37	746	29	755	30	1310	28	1981	17	11672	7
	crack, woundwood rib	34	64	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	6	100	22	100	40	61	0	.	18	74	8	100	51	64	65	47	244	25
	stem breakage	175	38	0	.	0	.	0	.	33	100	178	62	235	41	225	44	25	100	51	58	52	100	71	50	157	57	188	36	1391	17
	defoliation >50%	133	40	0	.	69	100	0	.	0	.	54	58	9	100	106	71	50	89	200	53	23	78	0	0	112	66	261	63	1019	24
	canker	155	35	0	.	7	100	0	.	20	74	20	76	127	35	127	43	34	71	124	65	0	.	71	47	63	73	194	29	943	16
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	18	100	25	77	0	.	0	.	6	100	0	.	0	.	16	71	65	45
	resinosis	687	20	0	.	7	100	0	.	0	.	612	38	494	30	388	28	194	32	353	43	215	38	523	36	587	37	197	39	4257	11
	inclusion	75	42	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	18	100	107	54	129	73	0	.	15	100	67	81	15	71	36	71	111	44	572	25
	stag-headedness	134	40	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	33	71	114	48	51	76	77	51	92	100	0	.	77	46	42	62	151	43	771	20
	other type of damage	78	44	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	50	58	131	47	186	50	99	46	53	75	41	62	107	39	190	48	468	34	1405	16
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	15	100	37	100	61	76	18	100	71	100	0	.	139	66	18	100	169	60	527	32
	dead trees	1487	18	0	.	59	75	34	100	0	.	690	29	1326	20	1211	31	551	37	537	36	394	43	1096	26	694	28	1217	25	9295	8
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
801-1000 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	11430	11	1445	31	1824	29	2445	30	1679	37	1971	31	8836	15	7180	16	2171	25	1285	38	1007	29	2952	25	2055	27	6609	23	52887	6
	exposed wood core	3111	16	256	42	350	37	377	35	320	40	342	32	1535	22	1337	19	419	31	556	45	1134	28	826	32	583	35	2490	20	13637	7
	crack, woundwood rib	28	72	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	0	0	.	13	71	0	.	15	100	6	100	0	.	35	71	58	57	155	32
	stem breakage	197	38	7	100	20	100	0	.	61	48	0	0	89	46	104	41	0	.	36	71	85	54	0	.	37	70	93	72	728	19
	defoliation >50%	201	38	0	.	0	.	37	71	48	80	61	58	109	39	145	49	49	65	15	100	49	55	78	63	120	42	396	52	1309	20
	canker	119	40	0	.	34	65	26	79	17	100	8	100	303	24	167	39	71	78	48	58	26	50	55	75	45	61	63	49	982	14
	bark necrosis	7	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	0	0	.	8	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	7	100	23	58
	resinosis	755	26	28	61	45	54	127	48	51	63	78	57	312	30	443	26	137	66	140	51	168	34	209	46	446	29	93	57	3032	11
	inclusion	164	51	19	100	0	.	0	.	65	100	39	81	25	100	47	80	37	78	14	71	22	57	29	79	11	100	56	58	530	25
	stag-headedness	163	39	24	100	0	.	17	100	0	.	39	71	154	41	133	72	18	100	18	100	18	100	80	80	68	73	443	49	1174	23
	other type of damage	225	29	28	73	7	100	0	.	7	100	66	75	248	37	148	39	89	67	0	.	56	68	90	59	167	44	189	32	1319	14
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	94	55	0	.	8	100	18	100	22	77	18	100	18	100	204	58	382	35
	dead trees	1666	16	226	53	115	42	212	43	65	62	298	39	1496	23	1236	25	582	32	406	41	646	29	765	30	452	28	1945	24	10111	8
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
601-800 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	10686	13	2142	23	5283	21	9513	14	8036	13	923	46	5872	16	3857	22	1526	28	520	60	884	45	1196	46	2132	25	4541	19	57111	5
	exposed wood core	2093	15	620	36	623	25	1294	17	1356	17	135	63	1335	25	1103	22	488	36	239	54	260	54	379	45	682	30	2674	20	13281	7
	crack, woundwood rib	56	49	17	100	73	63	0	0	24	77	0	.	0	.	0	0	0	.	18	100	0	.	17	100	0	.	35	82	240	29
	stem breakage	132	36	61	71	14	71	82	43	301	27	0	.	100	42	88	53	46	58	0	.	0	.	0	.	38	83	86	46	947	15
	defoliation >50%	163	36	66	60	245	54	106	35	180	34	68	100	468	56	248	37	33	71	41	86	0	0	87	66	40	57	872	35	2618	17
	canker	56	49	21	74	92	47	113	47	88	43	0	.	111	88	79	50	67	72	0	.	0	.	62	77	37	54	123	50	848	19
	bark necrosis	73	53	0	.	0	.	0	0	89	93	0	.	7	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	18	100	0	.	18	100	40	100	246	42
	resinosis	227	32	132	54	387	39	787	32	576	31	33	71	249	35	175	43	35	53	22	100	0	.	31	64	50	54	8	100	2711	14
	inclusion	19	71	26	100	17	100	14	71	0	.	0	.	39	66	18	100	15	100	6	100	18	100	25	76	7	100	7	100	211	27
	stag-headedness	186	30	17	100	24	75	60	68	0	.	0	.	184	47	67	53	15	100	0	.	15	100	17	100	25	76	754	31	1367	19
	other type of damage	218	27	24	77	111	41	63	41	133	36	39	71	149	40	55	54	67	50	18	100	12	100	7	100	50	52	654	63	1599	27
	lying living trees	0	.	35	100	0	.	0	.	50	58	0	.	36	71	60	57	0	.	0	.	15	100	36	71	0	.	98	44	330	25
	dead trees	2169	16	425	36	544	26	797	24	859	23	153	77	829	29	882	27	357	35	0	.	299	41	477	37	413	35	2317	21	10522	8
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
=600 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	5254	15	8058	14	4042	19	11583	11	17558	8	0	.	699	56	994	38	648	62	896	48	180	60	1289	36	35	100	6550	18	57786	5
	exposed wood core	1283	22	1357	16	606	23	1630	15	2877	11	0	.	96	75	744	51	160	80	65	49	46	74	207	46	0	.	2904	17	11976	7
	crack, woundwood rib	23	58	24	77	0	.	57	52	69	42	0	.	0	.	21	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	18	100	212	26
	stem breakage	138	40	256	27	55	57	72	44	285	28	0	.	0	.	21	100	37	100	0	.	0	.	111	71	0	.	85	48	1060	15
	defoliation >50%	249	51	239	36	273	36	54	49	444	29	0	.	0	.	79	100	47	74	37	100	0	.	31	72	0	.	628	36	2080	16
	canker	31	64	76	43	0	.	124	37	163	39	0	.	0	.	0	.	8	100	38	60	0	.	85	55	0	.	206	45	731	19
	bark necrosis	7	100	48	74	0	0	0	.	56	53	0	.	0	.	21	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	58	57	189	32
	resinosis	118	43	332	28	108	49	413	21	1336	18	0	.	62	86	28	71	18	100	18	71	0	.	25	100	0	.	60	100	2519	12
	inclusion	34	100	7	100	62	53	68	70	30	64	0	.	0	.	18	71	0	0	8	100	0	.	0	0	0	.	128	46	356	26
	stag-headedness	142	44	207	35	141	53	73	45	230	29	0	.	0	.	42	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	12	100	0	.	822	28	1670	16
	other type of damage	175	33	146	31	154	37	123	34	375	21	0	.	0	.	66	53	26	100	43	62	6	100	34	82	0	.	274	33	1423	12
	lying living trees	62	53	90	44	0	.	0	.	97	41	0	.	0	.	21	74	15	100	0	.	0	.	18	100	0	.	323	41	627	24
	dead trees	1285	24	1356	19	851	28	725	20	1784	15	0	.	64	52	298	42	148	56	127	54	68	80	431	42	0	.	3335	17	10471	8
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
total	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	45940	4	11645	11	12364	12	23778	8	27414	6	14156	12	32708	7	21078	8	17901	9	9168	14	7180	15	33908	7	40856	6	45661	5	343756	2
	exposed wood core	9707	7	2233	15	1786	14	3454	11	4588	9	2427	15	6781	10	4977	11	4693	12	2602	18	3457	15	7472	9	8773	8	14515	6	77467	2
	crack, woundwood rib	148	29	41	61	73	63	57	52	93	37	6	100	6	100	75	45	40	61	68	62	24	61	205	28	316	24	418	23	1571	11
	stem breakage	785	17	324	25	88	43	160	30	680	18	255	46	676	20	565	24	387	25	122	43	232	34	798	20	753	19	945	17	6770	6
	defoliation >50%	960	20	304	31	594	30	198	26	672	22	254	35	780	37	630	26	301	28	383	37	289	41	587	35	488	24	2407	19	8846	8
	canker	501	20	97	38	133	37	263	28	288	27	151	33	723	20	453	22	353	27	334	32	110	38	556	21	590	20	1640	13	6195	6
	bark necrosis	87	46	48	74	0	0	0	0	144	61	0	0	62	53	54	54	17	100	25	76	25	79	0	.	74	79	146	39	682	21
	resinosis	2211	12	492	24	586	28	1343	20	1963	15	2183	18	2930	12	1618	14	2673	14	1589	20	1120	22	5871	10	9748	8	3604	11	37931	3
	inclusion	320	31	52	63	79	47	82	60	95	71	483	35	303	31	340	36	196	32	67	37	228	48	1055	50	371	21	530	23	4200	15
	stag-headedness	717	17	249	31	166	47	150	37	230	29	139	36	666	20	335	36	260	25	184	55	108	56	597	25	379	25	2363	16	6540	8
	other type of damage	816	15	198	26	280	26	186	26	514	18	335	27	681	20	535	23	539	21	317	27	273	30	791	16	1003	16	2886	17	9355	6
	lying living trees	62	53	125	42	0	.	0	.	147	34	52	59	303	34	170	37	93	49	304	52	231	40	696	26	629	30	1132	20	3943	11
	dead trees	7472	8	2007	16	1717	17	1799	14	2708	12	3431	15	6763	11	5310	13	5002	12	1951	18	2758	18	9747	9	9585	9	12967	7	73219	3
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.

Table citation

Abegg, M.; Ahles, P.; Allgaier Leuch, B.; Cioldi, F.; Didion, M.; Düggelin, C.; Fischer, C.; Herold, A.; Meile, R.; Rohner, B.; Rösler, E.; Speich, S.; Temperli, C.; Traub, B.,
2023: Swiss national forest inventory - Result table No. 1267405. Birmensdorf, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL

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