Selection from the list of topics

Estimates and standard error of the estimates

The results published in the NFI tables are estimates for variables in the Swiss forest (population parameters) whose true values are not known and must therefore be extrapolated (estimated) from the NFI sample data.

The extrapolations carry uncertainties. However, the accuracy of the extrapolations can be reliably estimated from the NFI sample, which is designed to be a random sample. To this end, all NFI tables include a second figure in addition to the estimate itself, namely the standard error of the estimate.

In most tables the percent standard error is reported (±%), but the absolute standard error (±) is also reported occasionally, especially for estimated percentages. The relationship between absolute and percent standard error is as follows:

percent standard error = absolute standard error / estimate × 100

absolute standard error = percent standard error × estimate / 100

Information on the forest road network is based on a full survey of all forest roads. In this case, there is no need to specify a standard error because there is no uncertainty caused by sampling.

Confidence interval of the estimate

With the estimate and the standard error of the estimate, the limits of the so-called confidence interval of the estimate can be calculated as:

lower limit = estimate – tQ × absolute standard error

upper limit = estimate + tQ × absolute standard error

If the simple standard error is used for the calculation (tQ = 1), then the 68% confidence interval is formed. In this case, the true value of the population parameter has a 68% probability of lying within this confidence interval of the estimate. If the double standard error is used (tQ = 2), then there is a 95% probability that the true value lies within this 95% confidence interval.

Significance of the estimate

The confidence interval can be used to statistically test whether the estimated population parameter is larger or smaller than a specific reference or target value, or whether two estimated population parameters truly differ (in the real population). For practical applications, proceed as follows: if a reference value lies outside the confidence interval, the estimated population value can be interpreted as being significantly different from it; if it lies within the confidence interval, the difference between the estimated population parameter and the reference value can be interpreted as random or not significant. When two population parameters are compared, they can be interpreted as differing significantly if their confidence intervals do not overlap.

Dealing with missing values

When calculating a results table, data are not always available for all combinations of characteristics^* of the classification variables and regional demarcation applied. In most cases, this indicates that the attribute estimated with the respective target variable does not occur or occurs only very rarely. Usually, the value 0 is used (imputed). However, as this value is not based on direct measurements, the associated standard error is represented with a full stop [.]. If the imputed value of 0 is referred to in the calculation, e.g. in the case of percentages or certain change estimates, no value can be entered. In this case, the estimated value and standard error are both represented with a full stop [.].

For example, no Arolla pines have been found and measured in the Swiss Plateau to date (growing stock of Arolla pines by production region). The values can be assumed to be missing because Arolla pine does not occur in the Swiss Plateau and therefore the growing stock there must be 0.

^* e.g. ‘Arolla pine’ characteristic of the classification variable ‘tree species’ and ‘Swiss plateau’ characteristic of the ‘regional demarcation’

Changes

There are two types of changes in the NFI:

The first type involves specific target variables relating to components of change, such as increment, fellings, mortality and losses. These target variables are only available for two consecutive inventory cycles, e.g. NFI3–NFI4. In the evaluation of components of change, the classification variable characteristic of the second inventory cycle is assigned to the first inventory cycle. These evaluations therefore do not take into account potential changes in a classification variable characteristic from the earlier to the later inventory (e.g. from private to public ownership).

With the second type of change, the difference in target variables, such as number of stems, growing stock or forest area, is used to assess the change between two inventory cycles. Target variables are generally used to represent states, such as that in NFI4, but can also indicate the net change between any two inventory cycles, e.g. NFI1–NFI4. In evaluations of change using these target variables, the change in a classification variable characteristic is considered in the analysis. Consequently, one can detect, for example, that the forest area without shrub forest increased between the two inventory cycles. This only has an effect on classification variables whose characteristic (class) can actually change, e.g. the affiliation with a forest area or the tree condition.

NFI5
total number of stems with two most important forms of damages
altitude (in 200 m classes) · type of damage to trees (13 classes)
regional demarcation: economic region
unit: n/ha
evaluation area: accessible forest without shrub forest NFI1-NFI5
grid: 1.4 km grid, subgrids 1-5
state 2018/26
		economic region
		Western Jura		Eastern Jura		Western Plateau		Central Plateau		Eastern Plateau		Western Pre-Alps		Central Pre-Alps		Eastern Pre-Alps		Northwestern Alps		Central Alps		Northeastern Alps		Southwestern Alps		Southeastern Alps		Southern Alps		Switzerland
altitude (in 200 m classes)	type of damage to trees (13 classes)	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%
n/a	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	exposed wood core	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	stem breakage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	defoliation >50%	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	canker	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	resinosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	other type of damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	dead trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
>1800 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	200	0	0	.	345	33	0	.	0	.	248	11	276	9	249	15	265	7
	exposed wood core	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	160	0	0	.	21	60	0	.	0	.	58	16	53	15	67	28	56	10
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	56	2	57	0	.	2	40
	stem breakage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	6	39	4	41	10	65	5	27
	defoliation >50%	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	8	91	0	.	0	.	0	.	2	57	8	67	2	41
	canker	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	2	45	4	40	13	30	4	24
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	resinosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	50	0	0	.	129	28	0	.	0	.	66	23	66	19	52	36	66	13
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	40	0	0	.	4	92	0	.	0	.	4	49	2	46	6	97	3	31
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	17	58	0	.	0	.	0	99	2	43	5	67	2	31
	other type of damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	50	0	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	7	33	4	28	8	71	6	21
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	5	69	11	47	0	.	7	40
	dead trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	640	0	0	.	96	44	0	.	0	.	81	18	74	16	80	34	81	11
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1601-1800 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	320	38	600	27	620	0	222	16	146	16	416	40	318	14	289	10	271	12	309	7
	exposed wood core	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	75	70	66	50	0	.	77	27	97	62	3	93	60	17	39	20	32	24	49	11
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	2	62	0	.	0	99	1	54
	stem breakage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	6	67	0	.	7	74	0	.	7	93	11	36	4	48	6	37	7	21
	defoliation >50%	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	4	90	0	.	4	99	4	55	4	99	3	46
	canker	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	93	23	49	0	.	3	74	0	.	7	93	3	47	7	44	17	41	8	23
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	99	0	100
	resinosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	74	35	97	31	0	.	73	28	120	43	30	31	90	15	82	13	44	19	75	8
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	9	62	0	.	0	.	1	98	0	.	0	.	7	38	4	40	0	99	3	25
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	8	94	4	96	0	.	3	73	0	.	0	.	5	64	3	78	3	52	4	33
	other type of damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	7	43	5	89	3	93	5	40	5	41	7	41	5	21
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	17	88	50	0	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	52	0	.	0	.	2	53
	dead trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	75	47	131	43	290	0	123	32	52	37	39	37	105	25	52	16	35	24	75	12
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1401-1600 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	171	21	0	.	225	29	0	.	0	.	297	30	261	16	295	23	265	14	399	21	209	20	308	12	301	10	380	13	299	5
	exposed wood core	58	31	0	.	27	60	0	.	0	.	37	40	51	19	23	31	61	23	34	54	42	39	62	18	52	18	59	15	52	8
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	2	69	2	57	2	76	1	38
	stem breakage	6	94	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	4	60	9	50	6	68	9	31	0	.	0	.	10	42	5	33	7	43	6	17
	defoliation >50%	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	97	13	73	0	.	3	69	19	95	6	71	5	48	1	99	2	69	4	34
	canker	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	2	68	1	99	1	98	6	39	6	71	4	96	1	99	1	60	15	28	4	20
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	99	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	100
	resinosis	22	41	0	.	8	55	0	.	0	.	86	30	58	19	32	64	51	16	90	29	76	42	56	18	68	13	48	28	59	8
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	20	59	5	89	0	.	2	62	3	96	0	.	6	60	2	42	2	67	4	28
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	4	72	9	37	3	98	6	40	2	95	0	.	4	60	1	77	3	70	3	22
	other type of damage	2	94	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	5	72	2	98	0	.	3	60	13	68	8	56	9	30	5	31	21	25	7	15
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	5	68	0	.	0	.	1	99	0	.	9	64	10	63	2	57	1	99	3	37
	dead trees	13	52	0	.	78	72	0	.	0	.	121	25	79	26	117	48	90	20	63	35	52	44	83	17	79	22	70	18	81	9
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1201-1400 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	262	10	0	.	281	38	0	.	0	.	319	13	279	15	224	13	308	17	274	22	229	23	378	12	273	15	274	14	284	5
	exposed wood core	38	17	0	.	61	12	0	.	0	.	79	25	74	22	52	25	73	18	55	36	155	21	61	22	66	21	67	17	65	7
	crack, woundwood rib	0	99	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	99	0	.	2	56	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	69	5	46	1	32
	stem breakage	6	47	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	4	71	7	42	8	68	9	57	0	.	12	46	2	75	6	55	1	70	5	21
	defoliation >50%	11	46	0	.	9	75	0	.	0	.	4	63	4	56	4	54	7	50	1	96	18	76	14	86	2	76	3	73	7	27
	canker	7	46	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	7	45	4	56	6	45	3	63	1	96	3	66	6	38	7	57	22	28	8	16
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	2	98	0	.	2	98	1	96	0	.	0	.	4	98	0	99	1	57
	resinosis	18	21	0	.	36	29	0	.	0	.	29	24	30	26	28	20	36	24	36	35	39	33	28	23	94	22	38	21	37	9
	inclusion	1	76	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	17	60	2	76	10	50	4	58	1	97	0	.	3	70	3	83	8	54	5	26
	stag-headedness	5	43	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	2	98	7	39	1	99	1	98	13	53	5	71	15	47	0	.	3	52	5	22
	other type of damage	6	44	0	.	11	66	0	.	0	.	10	42	8	40	6	41	3	78	6	76	8	96	2	75	4	52	22	29	8	16
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	68	0	99	0	.	7	97	18	53	4	50	0	.	6	40	3	26
	dead trees	42	23	0	.	20	0	0	.	0	.	100	21	90	27	75	16	66	22	57	38	169	33	79	17	93	18	65	21	77	8
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1001-1200 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	318	6	0	.	411	27	293	23	139	35	340	17	309	9	242	13	320	17	377	16	300	26	309	11	261	21	307	13	306	4
	exposed wood core	57	11	0	.	83	53	10	69	36	62	51	23	73	17	54	18	84	29	136	31	131	18	64	27	99	24	99	13	74	6
	crack, woundwood rib	1	64	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	100	2	98	6	57	0	.	3	70	1	98	3	76	4	46	2	25
	stem breakage	5	37	0	.	0	.	0	.	33	82	3	70	11	39	13	46	3	98	7	66	10	97	7	46	18	54	10	34	8	17
	defoliation >50%	3	39	0	.	49	87	0	.	0	.	4	70	0	99	2	69	1	98	39	46	4	74	0	.	4	68	14	62	6	27
	canker	4	35	0	.	5	88	0	.	20	48	2	74	6	33	9	40	5	68	24	59	0	.	6	49	7	70	9	29	6	16
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	99	2	75	0	.	0	.	1	98	0	.	0	.	1	69	0	45
	resinosis	18	19	0	.	5	88	0	.	0	.	43	28	17	25	24	27	25	26	61	39	35	33	38	35	60	36	7	41	25	10
	inclusion	2	41	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	2	97	5	53	9	72	0	.	3	96	11	86	1	98	4	68	6	42	4	25
	stag-headedness	3	39	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	2	99	3	47	3	99	7	54	18	96	0	.	7	42	5	59	7	50	5	22
	other type of damage	2	43	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	2	99	4	49	13	49	14	40	0	.	4	75	8	42	17	55	18	41	7	19
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	2	99	2	99	4	75	2	98	0	.	0	.	12	72	2	98	2	70	2	37
	dead trees	39	17	0	.	42	55	51	69	0	.	75	23	62	17	81	28	64	36	104	26	72	35	92	19	66	25	61	24	62	8
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
801-1000 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	322	7	329	11	292	18	418	18	429	27	268	24	339	10	354	10	321	12	319	29	148	23	362	15	215	20	415	21	328	4
	exposed wood core	88	13	62	33	61	27	64	26	77	35	41	21	62	19	59	14	64	23	153	42	125	18	109	25	58	32	167	15	83	6
	crack, woundwood rib	1	72	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	70	0	.	5	95	1	98	0	.	4	68	4	55	1	32
	stem breakage	6	37	2	96	3	97	0	.	20	35	0	.	4	45	3	45	0	.	12	61	8	53	0	.	4	67	7	70	4	19
	defoliation >50%	6	37	0	.	0	.	6	67	0	.	9	52	4	37	8	47	4	74	0	.	5	59	5	69	13	38	29	51	8	21
	canker	3	39	0	.	6	59	4	74	6	94	1	97	12	21	6	42	3	66	11	63	4	45	7	72	5	58	3	52	6	14
	bark necrosis	0	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	99	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	99	0	58
	resinosis	21	25	7	53	8	48	22	42	17	52	12	51	12	27	20	25	19	73	40	46	24	28	29	40	42	25	7	54	19	11
	inclusion	5	50	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	6	78	1	99	3	79	2	97	2	94	2	66	3	98	1	98	4	56	3	27
	stag-headedness	5	38	6	95	0	.	3	97	0	.	6	67	6	39	2	60	3	97	6	93	0	.	3	97	7	70	33	47	7	24
	other type of damage	6	28	5	95	1	97	0	.	2	95	10	71	10	35	8	39	6	66	0	.	4	74	12	54	18	40	11	32	8	14
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	4	54	0	.	1	97	0	.	4	74	3	97	2	98	14	61	2	38
	dead trees	47	14	59	43	20	35	36	35	16	67	42	34	52	19	61	23	91	24	108	32	68	24	99	23	50	20	130	21	62	7
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
601-800 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	339	8	245	13	324	15	324	9	258	8	409	20	329	9	300	15	316	13	316	40	245	34	324	36	263	15	289	14	304	4
	exposed wood core	65	11	71	30	38	20	45	14	44	14	60	47	76	21	86	16	96	29	145	29	72	45	108	33	84	23	171	15	71	6
	crack, woundwood rib	2	48	2	98	4	61	0	.	1	76	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	11	88	0	.	0	.	0	.	2	81	1	30
	stem breakage	4	35	4	98	1	69	3	42	10	26	0	.	6	40	7	50	10	52	0	.	0	.	0	.	5	81	6	44	5	14
	defoliation >50%	5	38	8	57	15	53	4	33	6	33	30	92	27	55	19	34	7	66	25	73	0	.	25	58	5	53	56	32	14	17
	canker	2	48	2	72	6	45	4	45	3	42	0	.	6	87	6	48	15	68	0	.	0	.	18	70	5	50	8	48	5	19
	bark necrosis	2	53	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	92	0	.	0	99	0	.	0	.	0	.	5	94	0	.	2	98	3	99	1	42
	resinosis	7	30	15	50	24	37	27	30	19	29	15	60	14	32	14	40	8	46	13	87	0	.	9	56	6	51	0	99	15	13
	inclusion	1	71	0	.	1	99	0	70	0	.	0	.	2	65	1	99	3	97	4	91	5	94	7	69	1	98	0	99	1	27
	stag-headedness	6	29	2	98	1	74	2	68	0	.	0	.	10	45	5	51	3	97	0	.	4	96	5	95	3	74	49	28	7	19
	other type of damage	7	26	3	74	7	38	2	40	4	35	17	57	9	38	4	52	15	42	11	88	3	96	2	95	6	49	42	61	9	27
	lying living trees	0	.	4	98	0	.	0	.	2	57	0	.	2	69	5	54	0	.	0	.	4	96	10	63	0	.	6	42	2	24
	dead trees	69	13	49	30	33	22	27	21	28	21	68	66	47	25	69	22	77	23	0	.	83	30	114	24	51	29	149	16	56	7
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
=600 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	252	10	278	9	278	12	285	7	244	5	0	.	383	34	215	26	463	36	563	23	165	24	288	24	100	0	331	14	272	3
	exposed wood core	60	19	47	13	40	19	39	13	40	9	0	.	53	62	161	43	115	62	42	22	75	24	27	44	0	.	141	13	55	6
	crack, woundwood rib	1	57	1	76	0	.	1	52	1	41	0	.	0	.	4	96	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	99	1	26
	stem breakage	7	37	9	25	4	55	2	43	4	27	0	.	0	.	4	96	26	85	0	.	0	.	8	65	0	.	5	47	5	14
	defoliation >50%	12	50	8	35	19	33	1	48	6	30	0	.	0	.	17	96	34	57	0	.	0	.	7	66	0	.	32	34	10	16
	canker	2	63	3	42	0	.	3	36	2	39	0	.	0	.	0	.	6	85	28	33	0	.	13	59	0	.	11	45	3	19
	bark necrosis	0	99	2	73	0	.	0	.	1	52	0	.	0	.	5	96	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	56	1	32
	resinosis	6	42	11	26	8	46	10	19	19	17	0	.	34	75	6	65	13	85	7	89	0	.	6	96	0	.	3	99	12	11
	inclusion	0	.	0	100	4	51	1	76	0	63	0	.	0	.	4	66	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	7	44	1	27
	stag-headedness	7	42	7	33	10	51	2	44	3	29	0	.	0	.	9	96	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	96	0	.	44	24	8	16
	other type of damage	8	32	5	29	11	34	3	35	5	20	0	.	0	.	14	45	19	86	32	33	10	71	2	96	0	.	12	35	6	12
	lying living trees	3	51	3	43	0	.	0	.	1	41	0	.	0	.	5	69	11	90	0	.	0	.	4	96	0	.	17	39	3	24
	dead trees	63	20	47	16	56	25	16	17	25	14	0	.	35	28	64	31	105	24	61	40	110	39	92	35	0	.	169	13	49	7
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
total	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	304	3	276	7	301	8	310	6	253	5	316	9	326	5	285	6	293	6	336	10	240	12	311	5	277	5	317	5	297	2
	exposed wood core	64	6	53	12	43	12	43	9	43	8	57	14	68	9	66	10	72	10	93	18	100	12	65	8	57	8	102	6	65	2
	crack, woundwood rib	1	29	1	61	2	62	1	52	1	36	0	100	0	100	1	44	1	60	1	70	1	60	1	35	2	29	2	24	1	11
	stem breakage	5	17	7	25	2	43	2	30	6	17	3	42	7	20	7	26	7	24	3	49	7	37	7	20	6	20	6	18	6	6
	defoliation >50%	6	20	7	30	15	29	3	26	6	23	6	38	8	37	8	25	4	28	15	39	6	45	5	39	3	23	19	19	8	9
	canker	3	20	2	37	3	36	3	27	3	27	3	32	7	20	6	22	5	26	10	37	3	38	5	21	5	21	12	14	5	7
	bark necrosis	1	46	1	73	0	.	0	.	1	60	0	.	1	53	1	54	0	100	0	99	1	78	0	.	1	79	1	39	1	21
	resinosis	15	12	12	23	15	27	18	20	19	14	42	16	27	11	21	14	42	12	56	18	33	19	53	10	66	8	22	13	31	4
	inclusion	2	32	0	100	2	46	0	55	0	63	11	36	3	33	5	36	2	33	2	46	3	61	4	24	3	22	4	23	3	10
	stag-headedness	5	17	6	30	4	46	2	36	2	29	3	38	7	20	3	33	4	25	8	54	1	60	5	26	3	29	19	16	6	8
	other type of damage	5	14	5	26	7	25	2	27	5	17	7	29	7	20	7	23	7	21	7	35	5	35	6	17	7	17	18	21	7	7
	lying living trees	0	52	3	41	0	.	0	.	1	33	1	58	3	36	2	37	1	51	2	99	6	37	6	29	4	39	6	24	3	12
	dead trees	50	7	48	14	41	16	22	13	26	12	85	13	67	10	75	11	86	11	71	15	85	16	90	8	69	9	96	7	64	3
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.

Table citation

Abegg, M.; Ahles, P.; Allgaier Leuch, B.; Cioldi, F.; Didion, M.; Düggelin, C.; Fischer, C.; Herold, A.; Meile, R.; Rohner, B.; Rösler, E.; Speich, S.; Temperli, C.; Traub, B.,
2023: Swiss national forest inventory - Result table No. 1267412. Birmensdorf, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL

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