Selection from the list of topics

Estimates and standard error of the estimates

The results published in the NFI tables are estimates for variables in the Swiss forest (population parameters) whose true values are not known and must therefore be extrapolated (estimated) from the NFI sample data.

The extrapolations carry uncertainties. However, the accuracy of the extrapolations can be reliably estimated from the NFI sample, which is designed to be a random sample. To this end, all NFI tables include a second figure in addition to the estimate itself, namely the standard error of the estimate.

In most tables the percent standard error is reported (±%), but the absolute standard error (±) is also reported occasionally, especially for estimated percentages. The relationship between absolute and percent standard error is as follows:

percent standard error = absolute standard error / estimate × 100

absolute standard error = percent standard error × estimate / 100

Information on the forest road network is based on a full survey of all forest roads. In this case, there is no need to specify a standard error because there is no uncertainty caused by sampling.

Confidence interval of the estimate

With the estimate and the standard error of the estimate, the limits of the so-called confidence interval of the estimate can be calculated as:

lower limit = estimate – tQ × absolute standard error

upper limit = estimate + tQ × absolute standard error

If the simple standard error is used for the calculation (tQ = 1), then the 68% confidence interval is formed. In this case, the true value of the population parameter has a 68% probability of lying within this confidence interval of the estimate. If the double standard error is used (tQ = 2), then there is a 95% probability that the true value lies within this 95% confidence interval.

Significance of the estimate

The confidence interval can be used to statistically test whether the estimated population parameter is larger or smaller than a specific reference or target value, or whether two estimated population parameters truly differ (in the real population). For practical applications, proceed as follows: if a reference value lies outside the confidence interval, the estimated population value can be interpreted as being significantly different from it; if it lies within the confidence interval, the difference between the estimated population parameter and the reference value can be interpreted as random or not significant. When two population parameters are compared, they can be interpreted as differing significantly if their confidence intervals do not overlap.

Dealing with missing values

When calculating a results table, data are not always available for all combinations of characteristics^* of the classification variables and regional demarcation applied. In most cases, this indicates that the attribute estimated with the respective target variable does not occur or occurs only very rarely. Usually, the value 0 is used (imputed). However, as this value is not based on direct measurements, the associated standard error is represented with a full stop [.]. If the imputed value of 0 is referred to in the calculation, e.g. in the case of percentages or certain change estimates, no value can be entered. In this case, the estimated value and standard error are both represented with a full stop [.].

For example, no Arolla pines have been found and measured in the Swiss Plateau to date (growing stock of Arolla pines by production region). The values can be assumed to be missing because Arolla pine does not occur in the Swiss Plateau and therefore the growing stock there must be 0.

^* e.g. ‘Arolla pine’ characteristic of the classification variable ‘tree species’ and ‘Swiss plateau’ characteristic of the ‘regional demarcation’

Changes

There are two types of changes in the NFI:

The first type involves specific target variables relating to components of change, such as increment, fellings, mortality and losses. These target variables are only available for two consecutive inventory cycles, e.g. NFI3–NFI4. In the evaluation of components of change, the classification variable characteristic of the second inventory cycle is assigned to the first inventory cycle. These evaluations therefore do not take into account potential changes in a classification variable characteristic from the earlier to the later inventory (e.g. from private to public ownership).

With the second type of change, the difference in target variables, such as number of stems, growing stock or forest area, is used to assess the change between two inventory cycles. Target variables are generally used to represent states, such as that in NFI4, but can also indicate the net change between any two inventory cycles, e.g. NFI1–NFI4. In evaluations of change using these target variables, the change in a classification variable characteristic is considered in the analysis. Consequently, one can detect, for example, that the forest area without shrub forest increased between the two inventory cycles. This only has an effect on classification variables whose characteristic (class) can actually change, e.g. the affiliation with a forest area or the tree condition.

NFI5
total number of stems with two most important forms of damages
altitude (in 200 m classes) · type of damage to trees (13 classes)
regional demarcation: economic region
unit: n/ha
evaluation area: accessible forest without shrub forest
grid: 1.4 km grid, subgrids 1-5
state 2018/26
		economic region
		Western Jura		Eastern Jura		Western Plateau		Central Plateau		Eastern Plateau		Western Pre-Alps		Central Pre-Alps		Eastern Pre-Alps		Northwestern Alps		Central Alps		Northeastern Alps		Southwestern Alps		Southeastern Alps		Southern Alps		Switzerland
altitude (in 200 m classes)	type of damage to trees (13 classes)	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%
n/a	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	exposed wood core	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	stem breakage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	defoliation >50%	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	canker	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	resinosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	other type of damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	dead trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
>1800 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1387	0	200	0	0	.	218	39	700	0	98	72	198	12	259	8	216	11	236	6
	exposed wood core	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	42	0	160	0	0	.	23	45	0	.	34	72	50	14	54	14	57	19	52	9
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	45	2	40	7	47	3	26
	stem breakage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	25	72	5	38	4	34	11	42	6	22
	defoliation >50%	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	5	95	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	57	4	57	1	38
	canker	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	39	72	2	43	3	37	8	28	4	21
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	resinosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	50	0	0	.	86	32	100	0	0	.	59	19	63	15	56	22	61	10
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	40	0	0	.	3	95	0	.	0	.	3	46	2	43	2	99	2	29
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	10	63	0	.	74	72	0	70	3	37	2	70	3	30
	other type of damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	50	0	0	.	2	95	50	0	0	.	7	29	4	25	15	39	7	19
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	5	55	10	38	5	47	7	28
	dead trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	640	0	0	.	67	43	50	0	0	.	62	18	67	14	48	25	63	10
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1601-1800 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	242	42	432	27	620	0	219	14	104	29	252	44	277	13	274	9	240	12	269	6
	exposed wood core	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	64	63	51	43	0	.	70	25	76	59	15	59	51	16	38	16	38	27	46	10
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	2	53	0	.	0	99	1	49
	stem breakage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	8	58	0	.	5	75	0	.	4	96	11	32	4	39	6	32	6	19
	defoliation >50%	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	93	21	96	3	99	3	52	3	99	3	42
	canker	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	2	95	15	52	0	.	5	62	7	92	4	96	2	47	5	41	14	37	7	21
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	99	0	100
	resinosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	61	35	71	29	0	.	65	26	96	42	50	57	74	15	77	12	33	20	65	8
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	7	65	5	98	0	.	2	70	0	.	22	88	10	48	4	36	1	70	5	29
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	6	96	2	98	0	.	2	74	0	.	0	.	4	64	3	65	3	46	3	31
	other type of damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	2	98	0	.	13	34	3	92	12	82	4	37	6	35	8	32	6	17
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	14	72	50	0	3	98	0	.	0	.	3	46	2	73	1	99	3	34
	dead trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	74	39	90	42	290	0	95	31	37	44	23	45	93	22	45	15	32	20	63	11
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1401-1600 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	154	19	0	.	225	29	0	.	0	.	267	28	261	15	273	23	260	13	298	21	186	21	284	11	295	10	342	12	281	5
	exposed wood core	52	29	0	.	27	60	0	.	0	.	31	39	57	21	20	32	75	21	51	33	41	35	58	17	53	18	57	13	54	7
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	56	3	44	1	76	1	32
	stem breakage	4	96	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	60	8	51	5	68	8	32	0	.	0	.	8	43	4	34	7	40	5	17
	defoliation >50%	2	96	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	2	70	12	74	0	.	2	69	12	97	5	72	4	49	1	70	2	70	3	31
	canker	2	96	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	69	1	99	1	98	5	40	4	73	3	97	1	99	1	60	12	27	3	19
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	99	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	100
	resinosis	18	39	0	.	8	55	0	.	0	.	76	28	62	18	33	54	53	21	67	31	62	43	54	17	66	12	39	26	55	7
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	16	59	4	89	0	.	4	55	2	97	0	.	28	83	2	42	2	67	7	52
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	73	8	38	4	69	5	40	1	97	0	.	3	60	1	61	2	71	3	21
	other type of damage	2	96	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	4	72	2	98	1	96	5	54	11	57	10	47	10	28	5	31	20	23	8	14
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	4	69	0	.	0	.	1	99	9	97	21	66	9	58	3	52	5	51	4	28
	dead trees	12	46	0	.	78	72	0	.	0	.	103	26	72	26	102	49	82	19	48	32	72	42	73	16	73	21	68	16	74	8
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1201-1400 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	275	12	0	.	225	36	120	0	0	.	339	13	251	15	227	12	307	17	275	18	234	18	363	12	272	14	247	14	279	5
	exposed wood core	37	17	0	.	40	45	440	0	0	.	74	25	77	20	55	23	71	18	65	31	164	19	84	22	62	20	67	15	69	7
	crack, woundwood rib	0	99	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	99	0	.	1	56	0	.	5	97	0	.	0	.	2	69	4	46	1	32
	stem breakage	6	47	0	.	0	.	20	0	0	.	4	71	6	43	7	68	8	58	5	97	10	47	2	75	6	49	1	70	5	20
	defoliation >50%	10	47	0	.	6	85	0	.	0	.	4	63	3	56	4	55	6	50	1	97	17	65	14	73	2	76	3	60	6	25
	canker	7	46	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	9	41	5	48	5	45	3	63	11	67	4	52	9	48	7	52	18	29	8	16
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	2	98	0	.	2	98	4	73	0	.	0	.	4	99	0	99	1	51
	resinosis	17	21	0	.	23	53	50	0	0	.	48	29	34	25	27	18	32	25	49	43	36	29	25	23	89	21	33	21	37	9
	inclusion	1	76	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	21	51	2	76	9	50	4	58	2	67	4	97	4	57	3	83	7	54	5	24
	stag-headedness	5	43	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	98	6	40	1	99	1	98	9	55	4	72	14	43	0	.	2	52	4	22
	other type of damage	6	44	0	.	7	80	0	.	0	.	12	39	7	41	5	41	2	79	15	43	9	71	2	75	4	46	21	26	8	15
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	2	69	0	99	0	.	22	78	15	55	5	44	0	.	6	37	4	31
	dead trees	40	23	0	.	13	43	90	0	0	.	93	21	87	26	67	17	60	23	65	37	150	31	83	17	87	18	54	21	72	7
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1001-1200 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	309	6	0	.	411	27	293	23	139	35	340	16	324	10	246	12	291	16	333	17	266	28	304	11	236	18	289	12	296	4
	exposed wood core	56	11	0	.	83	53	10	69	36	62	55	20	70	17	56	17	80	27	122	30	121	18	57	25	105	22	88	13	73	6
	crack, woundwood rib	1	64	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	100	1	98	5	58	0	.	3	70	1	99	4	62	3	46	2	25
	stem breakage	4	37	0	.	0	.	0	.	33	82	17	59	11	39	14	41	3	98	8	53	8	97	5	47	13	55	8	34	9	16
	defoliation >50%	3	39	0	.	49	87	0	.	0	.	5	56	0	99	7	69	6	86	32	48	4	75	0	.	9	64	12	62	6	24
	canker	4	35	0	.	5	88	0	.	20	48	2	74	6	33	8	40	4	68	20	60	0	.	5	44	5	71	9	27	6	15
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	99	2	75	0	.	0	.	1	98	0	.	0	.	1	70	0	45
	resinosis	17	19	0	.	5	88	0	.	0	.	59	33	22	27	24	24	22	25	57	36	35	30	39	32	47	33	9	38	27	10
	inclusion	2	41	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	2	98	5	53	8	72	0	.	2	97	11	78	1	69	3	69	5	43	4	24
	stag-headedness	3	39	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	69	5	47	3	75	9	47	15	97	0	.	6	43	3	60	7	42	5	20
	other type of damage	2	43	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	5	55	6	45	12	47	11	41	9	71	7	57	8	36	15	44	21	32	9	16
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	99	2	99	4	75	2	98	11	97	0	.	10	64	1	99	7	59	3	31
	dead trees	37	17	0	.	42	55	51	69	0	.	67	23	60	17	76	27	63	31	86	28	64	36	83	21	56	22	54	22	58	7
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
801-1000 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	321	7	319	14	301	17	418	18	444	22	279	22	344	10	349	9	336	11	317	24	136	21	338	15	210	19	383	18	325	4
	exposed wood core	87	13	57	31	58	28	64	26	84	27	48	23	60	19	65	14	65	21	137	36	153	19	95	25	60	29	144	15	84	6
	crack, woundwood rib	1	72	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	70	0	.	4	97	1	98	0	.	4	68	3	56	1	32
	stem breakage	6	37	2	96	3	97	0	.	16	38	0	.	3	45	5	39	0	.	9	64	11	49	0	.	4	68	5	70	4	18
	defoliation >50%	6	37	0	.	0	.	6	67	13	73	9	52	4	37	7	47	8	61	4	97	7	50	9	59	12	38	23	50	8	19
	canker	3	39	0	.	6	60	4	74	5	95	1	97	12	21	8	37	11	74	12	51	3	46	6	72	5	58	4	47	6	14
	bark necrosis	0	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	99	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	99	0	58
	resinosis	21	25	6	55	7	49	22	42	13	54	11	52	12	28	22	23	21	62	35	42	23	27	24	41	46	22	5	55	19	10
	inclusion	5	50	4	96	0	.	0	.	17	95	6	78	1	99	2	79	6	74	4	64	3	53	3	77	1	98	3	56	3	24
	stag-headedness	5	38	5	96	0	.	3	97	0	.	5	67	6	39	6	71	3	97	4	95	2	97	9	78	7	70	26	47	7	23
	other type of damage	6	28	6	67	1	97	0	.	2	96	9	71	10	35	7	37	14	62	0	.	8	65	10	55	17	40	11	29	8	14
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	4	54	0	.	1	97	4	95	3	74	2	98	2	98	12	57	2	35
	dead trees	47	14	50	45	19	35	36	35	17	54	42	32	58	20	60	22	90	23	100	29	87	20	87	23	46	21	113	19	62	7
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
601-800 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	326	8	236	13	324	15	324	9	258	8	409	20	326	9	300	15	289	14	316	40	245	34	242	37	263	15	285	14	298	4
	exposed wood core	64	11	68	30	38	20	44	14	44	14	60	47	74	21	86	16	92	27	145	29	72	45	77	37	84	23	168	15	69	6
	crack, woundwood rib	2	48	2	98	4	61	0	.	1	76	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	11	88	0	.	4	97	0	.	2	81	1	29
	stem breakage	4	35	7	69	1	69	3	42	10	26	0	.	6	40	7	50	9	52	0	.	0	.	0	.	5	81	5	44	5	14
	defoliation >50%	5	35	7	57	15	53	4	33	6	33	30	92	26	55	19	34	6	66	25	73	0	.	18	60	5	53	55	32	14	17
	canker	2	48	2	72	6	45	4	45	3	42	0	.	6	87	6	48	13	69	0	.	0	.	13	72	5	50	8	48	4	19
	bark necrosis	2	53	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	92	0	.	0	99	0	.	0	.	0	.	5	94	0	.	2	98	3	99	1	42
	resinosis	7	30	15	50	24	37	27	30	19	29	15	60	14	32	14	40	7	47	13	87	0	.	6	59	6	51	0	99	14	13
	inclusion	1	71	3	98	1	99	0	70	0	.	0	.	2	65	1	99	3	98	4	91	5	94	5	72	1	98	0	99	1	27
	stag-headedness	6	29	2	98	1	74	2	68	0	.	0	.	10	45	5	51	3	98	0	.	4	96	4	97	3	74	47	28	7	19
	other type of damage	7	26	3	74	7	38	2	40	4	35	17	57	8	38	4	52	13	43	11	88	3	96	1	96	6	49	41	61	8	27
	lying living trees	0	.	4	98	0	.	0	.	2	57	0	.	2	69	5	54	0	.	0	.	4	96	7	65	0	.	6	42	2	24
	dead trees	66	14	47	30	33	22	27	21	28	21	68	66	46	25	69	22	68	25	0	.	83	30	97	26	51	29	146	17	55	7
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
=600 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	237	10	278	9	267	12	281	7	242	5	0	.	383	34	215	26	463	36	427	27	188	16	256	25	100	0	303	14	265	3
	exposed wood core	58	18	47	13	40	18	40	12	40	9	0	.	53	62	161	43	115	62	31	29	48	50	41	38	0	.	134	13	55	6
	crack, woundwood rib	1	57	1	76	0	.	1	52	1	41	0	.	0	.	4	96	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	99	1	26
	stem breakage	6	38	9	25	4	55	2	44	4	27	0	.	0	.	4	96	26	85	0	.	0	.	22	67	0	.	4	47	5	15
	defoliation >50%	11	50	8	35	18	33	1	48	6	29	0	.	0	.	17	96	34	57	18	91	0	.	6	67	0	.	29	34	10	16
	canker	1	63	3	42	0	.	3	36	2	39	0	.	0	.	0	.	6	85	18	45	0	.	17	48	0	.	10	44	3	19
	bark necrosis	0	99	2	73	0	.	0	.	1	52	0	.	0	.	5	96	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	56	1	32
	resinosis	5	42	11	26	7	47	10	20	18	17	0	.	34	75	6	65	13	85	9	60	0	.	5	96	0	.	3	100	12	11
	inclusion	2	99	0	100	4	51	2	70	0	63	0	.	0	.	4	66	0	.	4	91	0	.	0	.	0	.	6	45	2	26
	stag-headedness	6	42	7	33	9	51	2	44	3	29	0	.	0	.	9	96	0	.	0	.	0	.	2	97	0	.	38	25	8	16
	other type of damage	8	31	5	29	10	34	3	33	5	20	0	.	0	.	14	45	19	86	21	46	6	84	7	78	0	.	13	31	7	11
	lying living trees	3	51	3	43	0	.	0	.	1	41	0	.	0	.	5	69	11	90	0	.	0	.	4	97	0	.	15	39	3	24
	dead trees	58	21	47	16	56	23	18	18	25	14	0	.	35	28	64	31	105	24	61	36	70	59	86	33	0	.	154	13	48	7
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
total	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	296	4	273	7	296	8	307	5	253	4	320	9	320	5	283	6	277	6	301	9	211	12	275	5	266	4	288	5	284	2
	exposed wood core	63	6	52	12	43	12	45	9	42	8	55	13	66	9	67	10	73	10	85	15	101	11	61	8	57	7	91	6	64	2
	crack, woundwood rib	1	29	1	61	2	62	1	52	1	36	0	100	0	100	1	44	1	60	2	61	1	60	2	28	2	23	3	23	1	11
	stem breakage	5	17	8	24	2	43	2	29	6	17	6	45	7	20	8	24	6	24	4	42	7	33	6	19	5	18	6	17	6	6
	defoliation >50%	6	20	7	30	14	29	3	26	6	22	6	34	8	37	8	25	5	27	13	35	8	40	5	35	3	23	15	19	7	8
	canker	3	20	2	37	3	36	3	27	3	27	3	32	7	20	6	21	5	26	11	31	3	36	5	21	4	20	10	13	5	6
	bark necrosis	1	46	1	73	0	.	0	.	1	60	0	.	1	53	1	54	0	100	1	76	1	79	0	.	0	79	1	39	1	21
	resinosis	14	12	12	23	14	27	17	19	18	14	49	16	29	11	22	13	41	12	52	17	33	19	48	9	63	7	23	11	31	3
	inclusion	2	30	1	63	2	46	1	59	1	71	11	34	3	31	5	36	3	31	2	35	7	46	9	49	2	21	3	23	3	15
	stag-headedness	5	17	6	30	4	46	2	36	2	29	3	35	7	19	4	35	4	24	6	54	3	55	5	25	2	25	15	16	5	8
	other type of damage	5	14	5	25	7	25	2	26	5	17	8	26	7	19	7	22	8	20	10	25	8	29	6	15	7	15	18	17	8	6
	lying living trees	0	52	3	41	0	.	0	.	1	33	1	58	3	34	2	37	1	49	10	51	7	39	6	25	4	29	7	20	3	10
	dead trees	48	7	47	14	41	15	23	13	25	12	77	12	66	10	71	11	77	10	64	15	81	15	79	8	62	8	82	7	60	3
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.

Table citation

Abegg, M.; Ahles, P.; Allgaier Leuch, B.; Cioldi, F.; Didion, M.; Düggelin, C.; Fischer, C.; Herold, A.; Meile, R.; Rohner, B.; Rösler, E.; Speich, S.; Temperli, C.; Traub, B.,
2023: Swiss national forest inventory - Result table No. 1267421. Birmensdorf, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL

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