Selection from the list of topics

Estimates and standard error of the estimates

The results published in the NFI tables are estimates for variables in the Swiss forest (population parameters) whose true values are not known and must therefore be extrapolated (estimated) from the NFI sample data.

The extrapolations carry uncertainties. However, the accuracy of the extrapolations can be reliably estimated from the NFI sample, which is designed to be a random sample. To this end, all NFI tables include a second figure in addition to the estimate itself, namely the standard error of the estimate.

In most tables the percent standard error is reported (±%), but the absolute standard error (±) is also reported occasionally, especially for estimated percentages. The relationship between absolute and percent standard error is as follows:

percent standard error = absolute standard error / estimate × 100

absolute standard error = percent standard error × estimate / 100

Information on the forest road network is based on a full survey of all forest roads. In this case, there is no need to specify a standard error because there is no uncertainty caused by sampling.

Confidence interval of the estimate

With the estimate and the standard error of the estimate, the limits of the so-called confidence interval of the estimate can be calculated as:

lower limit = estimate – tQ × absolute standard error

upper limit = estimate + tQ × absolute standard error

If the simple standard error is used for the calculation (tQ = 1), then the 68% confidence interval is formed. In this case, the true value of the population parameter has a 68% probability of lying within this confidence interval of the estimate. If the double standard error is used (tQ = 2), then there is a 95% probability that the true value lies within this 95% confidence interval.

Significance of the estimate

The confidence interval can be used to statistically test whether the estimated population parameter is larger or smaller than a specific reference or target value, or whether two estimated population parameters truly differ (in the real population). For practical applications, proceed as follows: if a reference value lies outside the confidence interval, the estimated population value can be interpreted as being significantly different from it; if it lies within the confidence interval, the difference between the estimated population parameter and the reference value can be interpreted as random or not significant. When two population parameters are compared, they can be interpreted as differing significantly if their confidence intervals do not overlap.

Dealing with missing values

When calculating a results table, data are not always available for all combinations of characteristics^* of the classification variables and regional demarcation applied. In most cases, this indicates that the attribute estimated with the respective target variable does not occur or occurs only very rarely. Usually, the value 0 is used (imputed). However, as this value is not based on direct measurements, the associated standard error is represented with a full stop [.]. If the imputed value of 0 is referred to in the calculation, e.g. in the case of percentages or certain change estimates, no value can be entered. In this case, the estimated value and standard error are both represented with a full stop [.].

For example, no Arolla pines have been found and measured in the Swiss Plateau to date (growing stock of Arolla pines by production region). The values can be assumed to be missing because Arolla pine does not occur in the Swiss Plateau and therefore the growing stock there must be 0.

^* e.g. ‘Arolla pine’ characteristic of the classification variable ‘tree species’ and ‘Swiss plateau’ characteristic of the ‘regional demarcation’

Changes

There are two types of changes in the NFI:

The first type involves specific target variables relating to components of change, such as increment, fellings, mortality and losses. These target variables are only available for two consecutive inventory cycles, e.g. NFI3–NFI4. In the evaluation of components of change, the classification variable characteristic of the second inventory cycle is assigned to the first inventory cycle. These evaluations therefore do not take into account potential changes in a classification variable characteristic from the earlier to the later inventory (e.g. from private to public ownership).

With the second type of change, the difference in target variables, such as number of stems, growing stock or forest area, is used to assess the change between two inventory cycles. Target variables are generally used to represent states, such as that in NFI4, but can also indicate the net change between any two inventory cycles, e.g. NFI1–NFI4. In evaluations of change using these target variables, the change in a classification variable characteristic is considered in the analysis. Consequently, one can detect, for example, that the forest area without shrub forest increased between the two inventory cycles. This only has an effect on classification variables whose characteristic (class) can actually change, e.g. the affiliation with a forest area or the tree condition.

NFI4
total number of stems with two most important forms of damages
altitude (in 200 m classes) · type of damage to trees (13 classes)
regional demarcation: economic region
unit: 1000 n
evaluation area: accessible forest without shrub forest NFI4/NFI5
grid: 1.4 km grid, subgrids 1-5
state 2009/17
		economic region
		Western Jura		Eastern Jura		Western Plateau		Central Plateau		Eastern Plateau		Western Pre-Alps		Central Pre-Alps		Eastern Pre-Alps		Northwestern Alps		Central Alps		Northeastern Alps		Southwestern Alps		Southeastern Alps		Southern Alps		Switzerland
altitude (in 200 m classes)	type of damage to trees (13 classes)	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%
n/a	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	exposed wood core	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	stem breakage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	defoliation >50%	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	canker	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	resinosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	other type of damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	dead trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
>1800 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	421	100	76	100	0	.	792	50	255	100	124	100	6606	16	12457	12	4383	17	25114	8
	exposed wood core	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	31	100	0	.	66	62	0	.	0	.	1131	18	1563	14	826	23	3617	10
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	17	100	49	54	149	32	216	26
	stem breakage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	18	100	56	52	178	36	111	56	363	26
	defoliation >50%	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	35	100	24	77	0	.	60	67
	canker	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	135	59	14	71	149	54
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	resinosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	45	100	17	100	0	.	133	51	18	100	0	.	606	26	1335	18	289	38	2444	13
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	14	100	0	.	9	100	0	.	0	.	80	47	37	66	40	100	179	35
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	19	100	0	.	18	100	43	48	78	56	49	57	206	30
	other type of damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	42	100	0	.	18	100	0	.	0	.	113	36	226	25	108	47	506	19
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	202	41	499	48	32	64	733	35
	dead trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	205	100	0	.	209	49	18	100	0	.	1591	20	2046	18	412	28	4481	12
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1601-1800 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	835	55	3056	36	307	100	2673	24	418	46	975	48	7178	19	8734	13	4819	17	28995	8
	exposed wood core	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	110	61	201	41	0	.	481	33	76	72	42	61	966	20	967	24	732	30	3575	12
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	17	100	0	.	42	100	0	.	7	100	18	100	18	100	50	54	152	39
	stem breakage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	6	100	33	71	0	.	25	78	18	100	0	.	155	35	105	58	65	59	406	24
	defoliation >50%	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	54	58	0	.	54	58
	canker	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	7	100	125	55	32	71	165	44
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	resinosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	86	57	138	47	0	.	453	26	224	58	49	63	744	21	886	20	315	33	2895	11
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	7	100	98	81	0	.	7	100	0	.	25	76	227	51	62	52	14	71	440	33
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	22	100	0	.	7	100	0	.	0	.	55	74	74	61	114	44	271	30
	other type of damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	19	100	0	.	110	46	0	.	18	100	77	45	131	39	124	35	478	20
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	42	85	22	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	89	53	81	46	39	61	272	28
	dead trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	194	60	386	41	123	100	1005	37	72	82	86	59	1925	27	1179	20	456	27	5425	13
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1401-1600 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	800	34	0	.	459	55	0	.	0	.	2716	32	3913	19	1408	30	4677	20	1471	36	1114	36	6100	17	11336	14	8155	16	42148	7
	exposed wood core	133	40	0	.	67	64	0	.	0	.	363	36	638	26	140	40	996	23	280	43	75	46	1061	23	1488	23	763	25	6005	10
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	15	100	15	100	28	81	57	65	0	.	0	.	126	52	108	47	100	52	449	24
	stem breakage	0	.	0	.	33	70	0	.	0	.	25	73	68	69	21	77	143	50	55	100	0	.	95	50	90	42	269	33	800	19
	defoliation >50%	7	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	36	72	15	100	31	100	0	.	0	.	15	100	124	44	43	85	271	30
	canker	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	7	100	0	.	44	55	0	.	17	100	0	.	7	100	72	48	148	32
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	resinosis	39	54	0	.	30	81	0	.	0	.	315	35	361	38	74	52	550	26	250	41	91	52	650	24	1061	18	408	33	3830	10
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	229	72	6	100	21	100	61	58	17	72	0	.	104	67	101	56	32	64	571	34
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	30	71	106	52	40	71	13	100	0	.	0	.	15	100	79	56	53	57	337	26
	other type of damage	19	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	45	58	52	60	37	72	140	44	44	63	26	100	107	41	118	42	238	34	826	17
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	22	100	46	75	43	61	36	100	35	71	300	55	17	100	58	59	558	33
	dead trees	44	61	0	.	127	76	0	.	0	.	819	37	866	40	616	62	1465	27	242	41	245	44	1181	24	1502	22	803	22	7910	11
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1201-1400 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	6259	15	0	.	443	61	0	.	0	.	4025	22	4239	20	3917	19	3617	23	2432	28	2458	30	6331	18	4758	19	5699	18	44178	6
	exposed wood core	647	22	0	.	25	76	0	.	0	.	909	31	796	29	633	30	586	30	469	50	708	36	1167	23	625	27	1568	22	8132	9
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	22	100	0	.	36	71	0	.	32	71	50	74	17	100	53	74	22	100	231	31
	stem breakage	17	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	21	77	133	38	87	48	42	61	36	71	18	100	67	62	86	41	181	34	689	17
	defoliation >50%	25	75	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	39	62	9	100	0	.	0	.	29	100	15	100	10	100	6	100	18	100	151	33
	canker	78	44	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	15	100	15	71	144	32	54	58	0	.	25	76	124	58	25	77	79	56	560	20
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	9	100	0	.	6	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	15	72
	resinosis	119	33	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	306	38	203	36	95	36	188	35	182	51	64	59	359	33	616	25	273	31	2405	12
	inclusion	35	71	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	204	55	27	63	150	46	46	58	0	.	0	.	32	64	25	100	50	59	569	25
	stag-headedness	89	45	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	81	45	46	57	29	100	33	71	81	60	0	.	23	100	17	100	136	35	535	19
	other type of damage	22	58	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	98	42	32	64	34	59	7	100	88	100	81	63	127	44	98	48	123	49	711	21
	lying living trees	46	85	0	.	7	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	40	73	15	100	0	.	52	74	49	74	43	61	18	100	130	62	401	29
	dead trees	635	31	0	.	25	76	0	.	0	.	1198	27	1346	33	686	24	599	26	334	39	560	35	942	22	1226	23	682	30	8232	9
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1001-1200 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	14710	10	0	.	651	70	215	75	188	59	3982	24	7457	16	5948	18	2413	27	2390	29	2242	35	4503	19	3392	23	6756	18	54847	6
	exposed wood core	2049	15	0	.	57	71	0	.	44	64	494	30	1806	22	711	24	743	32	887	31	521	34	637	28	977	27	1667	21	10592	8
	crack, woundwood rib	46	61	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	12	71	44	59	31	72	25	76	7	100	0	.	26	100	45	61	236	26
	stem breakage	140	47	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	39	59	118	40	99	53	33	71	41	61	33	71	54	58	127	54	129	36	811	17
	defoliation >50%	58	57	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	36	71	0	.	36	70	130	38
	canker	108	47	0	.	15	100	0	.	13	71	15	100	61	47	126	36	47	61	0	.	6	100	31	72	96	70	94	40	612	19
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	resinosis	506	22	0	.	30	100	0	.	0	.	271	42	416	26	140	37	60	43	83	46	150	50	281	37	469	29	64	47	2471	11
	inclusion	206	38	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	88	50	194	51	18	100	21	76	68	80	7	100	18	100	131	55	751	22
	stag-headedness	75	50	0	.	0	.	0	.	17	100	0	.	161	36	20	100	18	100	78	60	31	100	74	62	62	72	157	49	693	20
	other type of damage	111	43	0	.	7	100	0	.	0	.	39	56	120	36	60	58	99	49	76	55	44	85	24	77	61	77	217	37	858	17
	lying living trees	17	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	33	71	175	66	0	.	35	71	0	.	0	.	136	57	7	100	34	71	437	33
	dead trees	1181	16	0	.	31	79	58	89	17	100	684	29	1029	20	689	27	630	37	405	36	347	40	860	27	441	31	1243	24	7616	8
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
801-1000 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	13102	11	1944	30	1908	37	2494	30	1469	39	2175	30	9487	14	8711	15	2190	30	1734	37	1343	31	2935	25	2691	25	6295	18	58477	5
	exposed wood core	2946	17	274	39	104	45	253	37	206	40	332	34	1072	22	1223	24	539	34	550	48	1040	30	693	38	367	30	2225	20	11823	8
	crack, woundwood rib	8	100	24	100	7	100	0	.	7	100	21	100	34	65	35	66	24	78	31	70	0	.	18	100	54	75	109	41	369	22
	stem breakage	107	49	17	100	24	100	124	73	0	.	18	100	102	38	146	61	37	100	24	74	52	52	18	100	96	42	58	76	821	20
	defoliation >50%	17	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	21	100	0	.	19	100	36	71	0	.	13	71	60	67	0	.	34	65	200	31
	canker	183	37	22	100	0	.	7	100	7	100	34	63	214	31	137	42	0	.	15	100	40	62	0	.	44	64	117	57	820	17
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	17	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	6	100	7	100	31	64
	resinosis	353	29	14	100	30	71	33	66	79	51	144	45	149	31	370	39	89	56	126	55	208	44	172	38	261	40	9	100	2037	13
	inclusion	181	64	38	78	0	.	14	71	0	.	0	.	234	63	164	56	0	.	7	100	28	63	40	71	18	100	44	62	768	28
	stag-headedness	206	33	0	.	17	100	0	.	0	.	18	100	106	56	39	71	18	100	0	.	15	100	88	53	36	71	633	42	1177	25
	other type of damage	100	39	24	100	31	81	0	.	24	77	34	71	82	61	229	51	32	65	16	71	109	56	0	.	120	42	180	35	981	18
	lying living trees	34	71	0	.	0	.	0	.	17	100	18	100	36	72	15	100	55	74	18	100	39	71	69	61	53	74	133	43	488	22
	dead trees	1055	19	174	43	107	43	245	51	106	57	163	50	1409	23	760	26	475	32	470	39	567	34	725	34	447	35	1335	23	8038	9
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
601-800 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	11659	12	2790	23	5342	19	9859	13	9689	13	895	47	6335	16	4516	21	1641	30	566	54	1318	39	1180	44	2188	23	5546	19	63524	5
	exposed wood core	2030	16	762	32	676	23	1311	18	1126	17	71	52	1327	22	863	26	303	46	126	72	259	45	346	40	643	30	2430	23	12273	7
	crack, woundwood rib	38	55	0	.	0	.	101	52	14	71	0	.	0	.	48	49	6	100	18	100	15	100	18	100	18	100	48	60	324	24
	stem breakage	223	29	17	100	40	61	44	58	115	47	18	100	131	43	18	100	15	100	0	.	15	100	35	100	51	76	145	40	869	16
	defoliation >50%	56	49	0	.	0	.	0	.	17	100	0	.	7	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	15	100	17	100	17	100	445	63	574	49
	canker	110	39	14	70	40	61	128	59	71	44	21	100	55	58	7	100	37	85	0	.	15	100	7	100	28	79	23	76	557	20
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	24	76	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	60	100	84	75
	resinosis	100	39	101	79	250	43	423	33	318	24	0	.	150	41	29	50	14	71	28	81	17	100	46	63	58	57	0	.	1534	15
	inclusion	54	54	23	100	0	.	7	100	19	100	0	.	26	78	35	100	0	.	46	100	0	.	55	57	18	100	0	.	282	29
	stag-headedness	188	35	52	74	74	46	17	100	33	71	0	.	126	57	43	61	0	.	0	.	15	100	87	60	83	74	609	34	1327	19
	other type of damage	202	33	76	45	60	61	66	48	128	38	49	87	71	57	42	85	52	76	12	100	0	.	32	71	121	46	103	69	1014	16
	lying living trees	7	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	67	61	18	100	0	.	39	71	0	.	0	.	31	100	18	100	25	77	96	85	299	35
	dead trees	1352	18	308	43	409	34	743	23	968	20	61	100	551	32	606	28	245	36	15	100	94	59	476	36	339	37	1699	22	7867	8
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
=600 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	5833	15	8626	13	5401	17	11374	11	21999	8	0	.	1137	52	1557	32	923	56	938	52	169	70	1560	37	111	100	7594	16	67222	4
	exposed wood core	1059	27	1110	16	582	24	1303	15	2276	14	0	.	26	73	974	57	86	66	178	52	31	82	223	49	0	.	2834	18	10682	9
	crack, woundwood rib	7	100	7	100	0	.	0	.	70	55	0	.	0	.	42	71	37	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	54	74	217	34
	stem breakage	87	48	100	43	124	82	84	39	159	31	0	.	0	.	0	.	18	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	43	85	615	22
	defoliation >50%	0	.	0	.	0	.	7	100	15	71	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	18	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	708	49	748	46
	canker	24	77	61	47	0	.	91	50	109	42	0	.	0	.	0	.	29	100	23	75	0	.	0	.	0	.	25	77	362	23
	bark necrosis	0	.	42	100	0	.	0	.	31	64	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	73	63
	resinosis	114	59	179	53	64	65	543	26	884	18	0	.	0	.	8	100	29	100	0	.	0	.	25	100	0	.	0	.	1847	13
	inclusion	14	71	51	75	60	71	7	100	23	77	0	.	0	.	62	100	110	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	126	49	454	34
	stag-headedness	147	44	164	51	162	52	57	52	116	35	0	.	0	.	62	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	17	71	0	.	899	28	1624	18
	other type of damage	82	58	126	32	84	43	66	44	301	33	0	.	0	.	93	72	18	100	8	100	0	.	19	100	0	.	281	32	1080	16
	lying living trees	19	100	24	77	17	100	17	100	88	54	0	.	0	.	21	100	0	.	17	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	92	53	295	27
	dead trees	957	23	679	24	782	26	565	20	1096	16	0	.	43	60	189	40	60	64	119	72	46	74	217	44	0	.	2820	17	7573	9
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
total	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	52363	4	13360	10	14205	11	23942	8	33345	6	15048	12	35699	7	26363	8	18926	10	10204	14	9744	14	36393	7	45666	6	49248	5	384504	2
	exposed wood core	8864	8	2147	15	1511	14	2866	11	3651	10	2279	16	5898	10	4544	15	3799	12	2565	19	2676	17	6225	9	6630	9	13044	7	66700	3
	crack, woundwood rib	98	37	31	81	7	100	101	52	90	45	58	58	78	42	232	26	196	37	105	39	79	52	214	36	327	27	577	18	2193	10
	stem breakage	574	20	135	36	221	49	252	39	274	27	127	33	585	19	371	30	314	30	174	40	136	34	480	21	732	18	1001	16	5375	7
	defoliation >50%	163	31	0	.	0	.	7	100	31	63	60	53	52	54	34	71	67	60	47	72	44	54	173	37	226	30	1284	34	2188	21
	canker	503	20	96	39	56	52	226	39	199	28	85	43	352	23	415	21	211	31	38	60	104	38	170	45	461	28	457	22	3372	8
	bark necrosis	0	.	42	100	0	.	0	.	55	49	9	100	0	.	23	79	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	6	100	67	90	202	40
	resinosis	1232	14	294	42	405	30	1000	20	1281	14	1167	18	1435	15	716	23	1516	14	912	23	579	24	2883	11	4685	9	1359	16	19463	4
	inclusion	490	30	112	48	60	71	28	50	42	62	440	45	493	35	626	27	251	48	91	56	120	50	545	27	280	29	437	25	4016	11
	stag-headedness	705	18	216	42	252	36	74	46	166	30	129	35	568	22	233	37	107	39	159	42	79	52	403	25	429	26	2649	16	6171	8
	other type of damage	536	19	227	26	182	32	132	32	453	25	265	27	417	23	495	30	477	22	244	42	278	34	500	19	874	15	1374	14	6454	6
	lying living trees	124	43	24	77	24	77	17	100	171	38	68	50	314	41	158	36	134	41	123	48	154	39	856	25	701	35	615	24	3483	12
	dead trees	5224	8	1161	19	1482	18	1612	15	2187	12	3117	16	5836	12	3668	14	4688	13	1677	18	1945	17	7915	10	7181	9	9449	7	57142	3
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.

Table citation

Abegg, M.; Ahles, P.; Allgaier Leuch, B.; Cioldi, F.; Didion, M.; Düggelin, C.; Fischer, C.; Herold, A.; Meile, R.; Rohner, B.; Rösler, E.; Speich, S.; Temperli, C.; Traub, B.,
2023: Swiss national forest inventory - Result table No. 1426330. Birmensdorf, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL

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