Selection from the list of topics

Estimates and standard error of the estimates

The results published in the NFI tables are estimates for variables in the Swiss forest (population parameters) whose true values are not known and must therefore be extrapolated (estimated) from the NFI sample data.

The extrapolations carry uncertainties. However, the accuracy of the extrapolations can be reliably estimated from the NFI sample, which is designed to be a random sample. To this end, all NFI tables include a second figure in addition to the estimate itself, namely the standard error of the estimate.

In most tables the percent standard error is reported (±%), but the absolute standard error (±) is also reported occasionally, especially for estimated percentages. The relationship between absolute and percent standard error is as follows:

percent standard error = absolute standard error / estimate × 100

absolute standard error = percent standard error × estimate / 100

Information on the forest road network is based on a full survey of all forest roads. In this case, there is no need to specify a standard error because there is no uncertainty caused by sampling.

Confidence interval of the estimate

With the estimate and the standard error of the estimate, the limits of the so-called confidence interval of the estimate can be calculated as:

lower limit = estimate – tQ × absolute standard error

upper limit = estimate + tQ × absolute standard error

If the simple standard error is used for the calculation (tQ = 1), then the 68% confidence interval is formed. In this case, the true value of the population parameter has a 68% probability of lying within this confidence interval of the estimate. If the double standard error is used (tQ = 2), then there is a 95% probability that the true value lies within this 95% confidence interval.

Significance of the estimate

The confidence interval can be used to statistically test whether the estimated population parameter is larger or smaller than a specific reference or target value, or whether two estimated population parameters truly differ (in the real population). For practical applications, proceed as follows: if a reference value lies outside the confidence interval, the estimated population value can be interpreted as being significantly different from it; if it lies within the confidence interval, the difference between the estimated population parameter and the reference value can be interpreted as random or not significant. When two population parameters are compared, they can be interpreted as differing significantly if their confidence intervals do not overlap.

Dealing with missing values

When calculating a results table, data are not always available for all combinations of characteristics^* of the classification variables and regional demarcation applied. In most cases, this indicates that the attribute estimated with the respective target variable does not occur or occurs only very rarely. Usually, the value 0 is used (imputed). However, as this value is not based on direct measurements, the associated standard error is represented with a full stop [.]. If the imputed value of 0 is referred to in the calculation, e.g. in the case of percentages or certain change estimates, no value can be entered. In this case, the estimated value and standard error are both represented with a full stop [.].

For example, no Arolla pines have been found and measured in the Swiss Plateau to date (growing stock of Arolla pines by production region). The values can be assumed to be missing because Arolla pine does not occur in the Swiss Plateau and therefore the growing stock there must be 0.

^* e.g. ‘Arolla pine’ characteristic of the classification variable ‘tree species’ and ‘Swiss plateau’ characteristic of the ‘regional demarcation’

Changes

There are two types of changes in the NFI:

The first type involves specific target variables relating to components of change, such as increment, fellings, mortality and losses. These target variables are only available for two consecutive inventory cycles, e.g. NFI3–NFI4. In the evaluation of components of change, the classification variable characteristic of the second inventory cycle is assigned to the first inventory cycle. These evaluations therefore do not take into account potential changes in a classification variable characteristic from the earlier to the later inventory (e.g. from private to public ownership).

With the second type of change, the difference in target variables, such as number of stems, growing stock or forest area, is used to assess the change between two inventory cycles. Target variables are generally used to represent states, such as that in NFI4, but can also indicate the net change between any two inventory cycles, e.g. NFI1–NFI4. In evaluations of change using these target variables, the change in a classification variable characteristic is considered in the analysis. Consequently, one can detect, for example, that the forest area without shrub forest increased between the two inventory cycles. This only has an effect on classification variables whose characteristic (class) can actually change, e.g. the affiliation with a forest area or the tree condition.

NFI4
total number of stems with two most important forms of damages
altitude (in 200 m classes) · type of damage to trees (13 classes)
regional demarcation: economic region
unit: n/ha
evaluation area: accessible forest without shrub forest NFI1-NFI5
grid: 1.4 km grid, subgrids 1-5
state 2009/17
		economic region
		Western Jura		Eastern Jura		Western Plateau		Central Plateau		Eastern Plateau		Western Pre-Alps		Central Pre-Alps		Eastern Pre-Alps		Northwestern Alps		Central Alps		Northeastern Alps		Southwestern Alps		Southeastern Alps		Southern Alps		Switzerland
altitude (in 200 m classes)	type of damage to trees (13 classes)	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%
n/a	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	exposed wood core	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	stem breakage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	defoliation >50%	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	canker	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	resinosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	other type of damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	dead trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
>1800 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	220	0	0	.	349	35	0	.	0	.	304	11	308	8	298	13	306	6
	exposed wood core	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	90	0	0	.	20	69	0	.	0	.	48	15	38	12	63	27	44	9
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	99	1	60	4	73	1	42
	stem breakage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	76	5	40	0	.	3	36
	defoliation >50%	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	2	99	1	100	0	.	1	74
	canker	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	71	2	67	2	63
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	resinosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	50	0	0	.	59	36	0	.	0	.	26	24	36	17	25	40	32	13
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	40	0	0	.	4	92	0	.	0	.	3	52	1	65	6	97	3	36
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	9	91	0	.	0	.	2	52	1	77	5	67	2	35
	other type of damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	120	0	0	.	8	91	0	.	0	.	5	34	7	24	8	66	7	19
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	7	47	15	48	0	.	10	39
	dead trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	590	0	0	.	82	38	0	.	0	.	69	18	53	17	48	24	62	12
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1601-1800 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	350	42	602	26	700	0	256	18	222	18	372	34	355	15	317	9	290	11	335	6
	exposed wood core	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	46	51	43	29	0	.	49	26	42	56	17	48	45	18	38	24	38	27	41	11
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	4	97	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	93	1	99	0	.	2	62	1	44
	stem breakage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	94	7	66	0	.	3	74	10	90	0	.	5	43	4	66	4	58	4	26
	defoliation >50%	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	2	56	0	.	1	57
	canker	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	99	6	54	2	69	2	44
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	resinosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	36	47	29	39	0	.	42	21	110	45	20	51	34	18	37	18	21	30	34	10
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	93	5	95	0	.	1	98	0	.	7	93	6	38	2	68	0	99	3	28
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	5	95	0	.	1	98	0	.	0	.	3	73	3	60	7	42	4	30
	other type of damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	12	47	0	.	7	93	4	43	5	46	6	38	5	22
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	9	81	50	0	0	.	0	.	0	.	4	60	2	60	2	75	3	33
	dead trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	81	49	81	32	280	0	121	32	40	68	35	45	91	28	50	17	23	30	65	13
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1401-1600 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	211	20	0	.	268	34	0	.	0	.	337	27	312	12	221	20	279	15	344	26	205	27	326	12	354	9	420	12	327	5
	exposed wood core	27	38	0	.	39	47	0	.	0	.	48	32	53	21	21	35	56	20	53	41	19	35	54	21	46	22	44	23	47	9
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	2	98	1	99	5	76	4	64	0	.	0	.	6	56	4	46	3	72	3	26
	stem breakage	0	.	0	.	20	56	0	.	0	.	3	70	6	68	4	74	10	48	14	95	0	.	4	55	3	41	14	35	7	19
	defoliation >50%	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	70	3	98	2	99	0	.	0	.	1	99	4	48	0	99	2	33
	canker	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	99	0	.	3	53	0	.	4	96	0	.	0	99	3	60	1	35
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	resinosis	9	55	0	.	18	68	0	.	0	.	41	27	24	34	14	44	32	24	59	31	23	42	35	21	35	14	24	32	31	9
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	31	69	1	99	4	98	3	69	4	65	0	.	6	65	4	55	2	62	5	35
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	4	68	9	48	8	65	1	99	0	.	0	.	1	99	3	55	3	56	3	25
	other type of damage	6	94	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	6	55	5	58	7	67	10	41	6	68	7	95	5	43	4	40	10	38	6	17
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	2	98	9	69	3	59	0	.	9	64	14	62	1	99	3	70	4	37
	dead trees	13	52	0	.	74	62	0	.	0	.	109	30	76	37	120	56	96	23	45	40	50	44	66	20	51	20	42	19	66	10
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1201-1400 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	310	8	0	.	336	28	0	.	0	.	349	16	320	13	271	11	367	14	317	20	363	17	423	12	369	11	317	13	338	4
	exposed wood core	33	19	0	.	34	31	0	.	0	.	83	25	62	26	49	26	60	23	40	46	106	27	71	18	46	22	78	18	60	8
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	2	98	0	.	3	69	0	.	3	97	10	69	1	99	4	72	1	99	2	33
	stem breakage	1	99	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	99	11	34	7	46	4	59	3	96	4	96	5	60	6	41	8	40	5	17
	defoliation >50%	1	75	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	4	60	1	98	0	.	0	.	5	96	3	97	1	99	0	99	0	.	1	35
	canker	4	42	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	99	1	69	11	30	5	54	0	.	5	71	4	49	2	75	5	54	4	18
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	98	0	.	0	99	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	72
	resinosis	6	31	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	22	38	16	32	7	37	19	30	21	62	9	67	26	29	44	21	15	30	18	11
	inclusion	2	70	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	14	63	2	62	12	43	5	55	0	.	0	.	2	62	2	98	3	57	4	26
	stag-headedness	5	43	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	6	47	4	56	2	98	3	69	12	66	0	.	0	.	1	99	6	39	4	20
	other type of damage	1	56	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	9	38	2	75	2	71	1	98	0	.	17	57	9	41	6	59	7	47	5	20
	lying living trees	2	84	0	.	9	75	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	71	1	99	0	.	7	97	10	69	3	69	1	98	7	69	3	31
	dead trees	33	28	0	.	34	31	0	.	0	.	109	21	106	29	55	19	61	18	53	35	87	26	62	17	91	18	37	29	65	8
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1001-1200 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	381	7	0	.	466	49	318	27	186	14	373	18	328	10	350	13	298	19	440	15	408	25	351	12	278	18	316	14	350	4
	exposed wood core	53	13	0	.	41	52	0	.	43	27	41	22	82	18	47	20	85	28	142	24	95	23	58	23	96	23	89	18	70	7
	crack, woundwood rib	1	61	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	70	2	69	3	97	1	96	1	96	0	.	0	.	2	60	1	30
	stem breakage	4	46	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	5	56	6	39	7	51	4	68	8	55	3	98	4	68	12	58	7	33	5	17
	defoliation >50%	2	57	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	68	0	.	2	69	1	37
	canker	3	47	0	.	11	87	0	.	13	42	2	99	3	46	9	33	6	57	0	.	1	98	3	70	11	67	5	41	4	18
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	resinosis	13	20	0	.	22	87	0	.	0	.	21	32	15	23	7	41	7	42	16	38	28	44	27	33	54	21	3	50	16	10
	inclusion	5	37	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	56	9	57	0	.	4	72	12	76	1	98	2	98	7	53	5	23
	stag-headedness	2	49	0	.	0	.	0	.	16	82	0	.	8	34	1	99	2	98	15	54	6	98	7	59	7	69	8	51	5	20
	other type of damage	3	42	0	.	5	88	0	.	0	.	5	52	6	35	4	56	13	48	15	48	8	81	2	75	7	74	7	34	5	16
	lying living trees	0	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	2	99	3	59	0	.	2	98	0	.	0	.	11	61	1	98	1	99	2	35
	dead trees	31	15	0	.	22	62	86	53	16	82	80	22	48	17	46	23	78	34	78	24	57	36	69	18	37	29	62	22	50	7
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
801-1000 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	370	6	381	11	333	28	427	18	400	30	301	23	362	8	426	8	286	16	465	21	210	24	392	13	295	16	418	11	367	3
	exposed wood core	85	14	63	30	18	37	43	29	61	28	44	28	41	20	62	22	83	27	182	35	144	22	84	34	38	24	132	14	73	7
	crack, woundwood rib	0	99	6	95	1	97	0	.	2	95	3	98	1	64	2	64	4	74	10	64	0	.	2	98	6	73	6	47	2	23
	stem breakage	3	48	5	96	4	97	21	69	0	.	3	98	4	36	7	62	6	97	8	66	9	47	2	98	11	37	3	99	5	20
	defoliation >50%	0	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	97	0	.	1	99	6	66	0	.	1	98	8	63	0	.	3	63	1	32
	canker	5	36	0	.	0	.	1	97	2	95	5	58	9	29	7	40	0	.	0	.	7	58	0	.	5	62	9	55	5	17
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	99	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	99	1	99	0	64
	resinosis	10	28	4	96	5	67	6	60	20	50	21	38	6	29	18	40	15	51	36	51	35	38	23	33	24	39	1	99	13	13
	inclusion	5	64	0	.	0	.	2	67	0	.	0	.	9	62	9	55	0	.	2	94	5	60	5	68	2	98	3	59	5	29
	stag-headedness	6	31	0	.	3	97	0	.	0	.	3	98	4	55	2	70	3	97	0	.	3	98	10	57	4	68	47	39	8	25
	other type of damage	3	38	6	96	5	78	0	.	6	94	2	97	3	60	5	40	5	60	5	61	18	51	0	.	13	37	11	32	5	16
	lying living trees	1	70	0	.	0	.	0	.	6	94	3	98	1	71	1	99	9	70	0	.	4	98	9	57	6	72	9	44	3	23
	dead trees	30	17	46	31	19	36	42	45	30	56	19	51	50	20	39	23	73	25	149	23	83	29	99	27	49	29	95	18	51	8
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
601-800 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	369	7	310	14	327	12	340	9	313	8	396	23	358	9	351	14	355	15	344	29	365	25	304	37	270	11	355	13	340	3
	exposed wood core	64	13	85	27	41	19	45	15	36	15	32	34	74	17	67	21	65	39	76	57	72	34	97	27	79	23	155	19	65	6
	crack, woundwood rib	1	55	0	.	0	.	3	51	0	70	0	.	0	.	4	46	1	97	11	88	4	96	5	95	2	98	3	59	2	23
	stem breakage	7	28	2	98	2	60	2	58	4	46	8	92	7	41	1	99	3	97	0	.	4	96	10	95	6	73	9	38	5	15
	defoliation >50%	2	48	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	99	0	.	0	99	0	.	0	.	0	.	4	96	5	95	2	98	29	62	3	49
	canker	4	37	2	68	2	60	4	58	2	43	9	90	3	57	1	99	8	81	0	.	4	96	2	95	3	76	1	74	3	20
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	75	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	4	99	0	75
	resinosis	3	37	12	77	15	41	15	32	10	22	0	.	9	39	2	47	3	66	17	65	5	95	13	55	7	53	0	.	8	14
	inclusion	2	53	0	.	0	.	0	99	1	99	0	.	1	76	3	99	0	.	28	91	0	.	16	48	2	98	0	.	1	30
	stag-headedness	6	33	6	72	5	44	1	99	1	70	0	.	7	55	3	59	0	.	0	.	4	96	25	51	10	71	39	31	7	18
	other type of damage	6	32	9	41	4	60	2	47	4	37	22	75	4	55	3	83	11	71	7	91	0	.	9	63	15	42	7	68	5	15
	lying living trees	0	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	2	61	8	92	0	.	3	69	0	.	0	.	9	96	5	95	3	74	6	84	2	35
	dead trees	43	15	35	38	25	31	26	20	31	17	27	92	31	29	47	23	53	26	9	91	26	52	125	22	42	31	109	17	42	7
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
=600 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	282	9	297	8	378	9	282	7	309	5	0	.	623	28	337	14	659	24	581	32	275	1	311	28	320	0	389	12	319	3
	exposed wood core	52	25	38	13	40	19	31	12	32	12	0	.	14	55	211	50	61	42	86	33	50	43	31	37	0	.	139	13	49	8
	crack, woundwood rib	0	99	0	100	0	.	0	.	1	55	0	.	0	.	9	65	26	85	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	73	1	34
	stem breakage	4	46	3	41	9	81	2	38	2	31	0	.	0	.	0	.	13	85	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	99	3	23
	defoliation >50%	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	100	0	71	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	14	84	0	.	0	.	0	.	38	47	4	46
	canker	1	76	2	46	0	.	2	49	2	42	0	.	0	.	0	.	21	85	17	58	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	75	2	23
	bark necrosis	0	.	1	100	0	.	0	.	0	63	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	63
	resinosis	6	58	6	52	5	63	14	24	13	17	0	.	0	.	2	96	21	85	0	.	0	.	6	96	0	.	0	.	9	13
	inclusion	1	70	2	74	4	69	0	100	0	77	0	.	0	.	13	96	79	86	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	7	47	2	34
	stag-headedness	7	43	6	50	12	50	1	61	2	35	0	.	0	.	13	96	0	.	0	.	0	.	2	96	0	.	48	25	8	18
	other type of damage	4	57	4	31	6	40	2	43	4	33	0	.	0	.	20	67	13	85	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	10	36	5	16
	lying living trees	1	99	1	76	1	99	0	100	1	53	0	.	0	.	5	96	0	.	12	89	0	.	0	.	0	.	5	51	1	27
	dead trees	47	19	23	22	52	22	14	18	15	15	0	.	24	41	41	29	43	40	28	55	75	24	29	38	0	.	136	14	34	8
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
total	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	349	3	307	7	348	8	315	5	312	4	346	9	358	5	348	5	315	7	381	9	314	11	347	5	321	4	353	5	337	1
	exposed wood core	59	7	50	13	37	12	37	9	34	9	55	14	61	9	64	15	62	11	91	17	86	13	57	8	47	9	95	7	58	3
	crack, woundwood rib	1	37	1	80	0	100	1	52	1	45	2	58	1	42	3	26	3	41	3	45	3	50	2	37	2	29	3	24	2	11
	stem breakage	4	20	3	35	6	49	3	39	3	26	3	34	6	18	5	30	6	29	7	42	4	37	4	25	5	19	6	18	5	7
	defoliation >50%	1	32	0	.	0	.	0	100	0	62	2	52	1	54	1	71	1	59	2	71	1	60	2	37	2	32	10	36	2	22
	canker	3	20	2	40	1	52	3	39	2	28	2	42	4	22	6	20	4	30	1	74	4	36	1	37	4	29	4	23	3	8
	bark necrosis	0	.	1	100	0	.	0	.	1	49	0	99	0	.	0	78	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	100	1	90	0	40
	resinosis	8	14	7	42	10	29	13	19	12	13	25	17	13	13	9	24	24	13	34	22	21	22	28	10	35	8	10	16	17	4
	inclusion	3	30	1	75	2	70	0	50	0	62	10	49	4	39	8	27	4	54	4	55	4	52	4	24	2	30	4	26	3	11
	stag-headedness	5	17	5	42	6	35	1	52	2	30	3	37	6	22	3	36	2	38	6	44	2	60	4	27	3	27	21	16	6	9
	other type of damage	4	19	5	24	5	31	2	32	4	25	6	27	4	24	5	27	8	22	6	36	10	32	5	19	7	15	8	15	5	6
	lying living trees	1	43	1	77	1	76	0	100	2	37	1	57	2	33	2	36	2	44	2	74	5	41	7	28	5	38	4	28	3	13
	dead trees	35	8	28	17	36	16	21	14	21	11	80	14	60	12	53	13	82	12	65	15	62	15	74	9	53	8	72	8	51	3
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.

Table citation

Abegg, M.; Ahles, P.; Allgaier Leuch, B.; Cioldi, F.; Didion, M.; Düggelin, C.; Fischer, C.; Herold, A.; Meile, R.; Rohner, B.; Rösler, E.; Speich, S.; Temperli, C.; Traub, B.,
2023: Swiss national forest inventory - Result table No. 1426365. Birmensdorf, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL

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