Selection from the list of topics

Estimates and standard error of the estimates

The results published in the NFI tables are estimates for variables in the Swiss forest (population parameters) whose true values are not known and must therefore be extrapolated (estimated) from the NFI sample data.

The extrapolations carry uncertainties. However, the accuracy of the extrapolations can be reliably estimated from the NFI sample, which is designed to be a random sample. To this end, all NFI tables include a second figure in addition to the estimate itself, namely the standard error of the estimate.

In most tables the percent standard error is reported (±%), but the absolute standard error (±) is also reported occasionally, especially for estimated percentages. The relationship between absolute and percent standard error is as follows:

percent standard error = absolute standard error / estimate × 100

absolute standard error = percent standard error × estimate / 100

Information on the forest road network is based on a full survey of all forest roads. In this case, there is no need to specify a standard error because there is no uncertainty caused by sampling.

Confidence interval of the estimate

With the estimate and the standard error of the estimate, the limits of the so-called confidence interval of the estimate can be calculated as:

lower limit = estimate – tQ × absolute standard error

upper limit = estimate + tQ × absolute standard error

If the simple standard error is used for the calculation (tQ = 1), then the 68% confidence interval is formed. In this case, the true value of the population parameter has a 68% probability of lying within this confidence interval of the estimate. If the double standard error is used (tQ = 2), then there is a 95% probability that the true value lies within this 95% confidence interval.

Significance of the estimate

The confidence interval can be used to statistically test whether the estimated population parameter is larger or smaller than a specific reference or target value, or whether two estimated population parameters truly differ (in the real population). For practical applications, proceed as follows: if a reference value lies outside the confidence interval, the estimated population value can be interpreted as being significantly different from it; if it lies within the confidence interval, the difference between the estimated population parameter and the reference value can be interpreted as random or not significant. When two population parameters are compared, they can be interpreted as differing significantly if their confidence intervals do not overlap.

Dealing with missing values

When calculating a results table, data are not always available for all combinations of characteristics^* of the classification variables and regional demarcation applied. In most cases, this indicates that the attribute estimated with the respective target variable does not occur or occurs only very rarely. Usually, the value 0 is used (imputed). However, as this value is not based on direct measurements, the associated standard error is represented with a full stop [.]. If the imputed value of 0 is referred to in the calculation, e.g. in the case of percentages or certain change estimates, no value can be entered. In this case, the estimated value and standard error are both represented with a full stop [.].

For example, no Arolla pines have been found and measured in the Swiss Plateau to date (growing stock of Arolla pines by production region). The values can be assumed to be missing because Arolla pine does not occur in the Swiss Plateau and therefore the growing stock there must be 0.

^* e.g. ‘Arolla pine’ characteristic of the classification variable ‘tree species’ and ‘Swiss plateau’ characteristic of the ‘regional demarcation’

Changes

There are two types of changes in the NFI:

The first type involves specific target variables relating to components of change, such as increment, fellings, mortality and losses. These target variables are only available for two consecutive inventory cycles, e.g. NFI3–NFI4. In the evaluation of components of change, the classification variable characteristic of the second inventory cycle is assigned to the first inventory cycle. These evaluations therefore do not take into account potential changes in a classification variable characteristic from the earlier to the later inventory (e.g. from private to public ownership).

With the second type of change, the difference in target variables, such as number of stems, growing stock or forest area, is used to assess the change between two inventory cycles. Target variables are generally used to represent states, such as that in NFI4, but can also indicate the net change between any two inventory cycles, e.g. NFI1–NFI4. In evaluations of change using these target variables, the change in a classification variable characteristic is considered in the analysis. Consequently, one can detect, for example, that the forest area without shrub forest increased between the two inventory cycles. This only has an effect on classification variables whose characteristic (class) can actually change, e.g. the affiliation with a forest area or the tree condition.

NFI4
total number of stems with two most important forms of damages
altitude (in 200 m classes) · type of damage to trees (13 classes)
regional demarcation: economic region
unit: n/ha
evaluation area: accessible forest without shrub forest NFI4/NFI5
grid: 1.4 km grid, subgrids 1-5
state 2009/17
		economic region
		Western Jura		Eastern Jura		Western Plateau		Central Plateau		Eastern Plateau		Western Pre-Alps		Central Pre-Alps		Eastern Pre-Alps		Northwestern Alps		Central Alps		Northeastern Alps		Southwestern Alps		Southeastern Alps		Southern Alps		Switzerland
altitude (in 200 m classes)	type of damage to trees (13 classes)	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%	n/ha	±%
n/a	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	exposed wood core	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	stem breakage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	defoliation >50%	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	canker	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	resinosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	other type of damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	dead trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
>1800 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1176	0	220	0	0	.	250	37	700	0	173	72	249	12	293	8	246	11	273	6
	exposed wood core	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	90	0	0	.	21	53	0	.	0	.	43	14	37	12	46	18	39	8
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	99	1	53	8	29	2	26
	stem breakage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	25	72	2	51	4	35	6	54	4	26
	defoliation >50%	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	99	1	76	0	.	1	67
	canker	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	58	1	70	2	54
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	resinosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	126	0	50	0	0	.	42	40	50	0	0	.	23	23	31	16	16	35	27	12
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	40	0	0	.	3	95	0	.	0	.	3	46	1	66	2	99	2	34
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	6	94	0	.	25	72	2	47	2	55	3	56	2	29
	other type of damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	120	0	0	.	6	94	0	.	0	.	4	34	5	24	6	45	6	18
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	8	39	12	47	2	63	8	34
	dead trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	590	0	0	.	66	36	50	0	0	.	60	17	48	16	23	24	49	11
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1601-1800 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	350	42	467	27	700	0	271	14	165	27	308	35	305	14	293	8	255	11	298	6
	exposed wood core	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	46	51	31	33	0	.	49	27	30	61	13	51	41	16	32	22	39	27	37	10
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	98	0	.	4	98	0	.	2	94	1	99	1	99	3	53	2	38
	stem breakage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	94	5	68	0	.	3	75	7	93	0	.	7	33	4	57	3	58	4	23
	defoliation >50%	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	2	57	0	.	1	57
	canker	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	99	4	54	2	70	2	44
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	resinosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	36	47	21	41	0	.	46	18	89	44	15	54	32	18	30	17	17	30	30	10
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	93	15	77	0	.	1	98	0	.	8	69	10	50	2	51	1	70	5	33
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	96	0	.	1	98	0	.	0	.	2	73	2	60	6	42	3	30
	other type of damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	97	0	.	11	42	0	.	6	94	3	43	4	37	7	32	5	19
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	6	82	50	0	0	.	0	.	0	.	4	52	3	45	2	59	3	28
	dead trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	81	49	59	34	280	0	102	31	29	72	27	49	82	24	40	17	24	24	56	12
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1401-1600 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	181	20	0	.	268	34	0	.	0	.	306	26	313	11	237	18	280	14	275	26	225	24	296	12	349	9	394	11	314	5
	exposed wood core	30	28	0	.	39	47	0	.	0	.	41	32	51	20	24	32	60	19	52	34	15	38	51	19	46	21	37	22	45	8
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	2	99	1	99	5	77	3	64	0	.	0	.	6	50	3	46	5	51	3	24
	stem breakage	0	.	0	.	20	56	0	.	0	.	3	70	5	68	4	74	9	48	10	96	0	.	5	48	3	41	13	30	6	18
	defoliation >50%	2	96	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	70	3	98	2	99	0	.	0	.	1	99	4	43	2	84	2	29
	canker	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	99	0	.	3	53	0	.	3	97	0	.	0	99	3	47	1	31
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	resinosis	9	47	0	.	18	68	0	.	0	.	35	28	29	34	12	45	33	22	47	32	18	44	32	21	33	15	20	30	29	9
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	26	69	0	99	4	98	4	56	3	67	0	.	5	65	3	55	2	63	4	34
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	69	9	48	7	66	1	99	0	.	0	.	1	99	2	55	3	56	3	25
	other type of damage	4	96	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	5	56	4	58	6	67	8	41	8	57	5	96	5	39	4	40	11	32	6	16
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	2	98	8	70	3	60	7	96	7	66	15	54	1	100	3	57	4	32
	dead trees	10	54	0	.	74	62	0	.	0	.	92	30	69	37	104	57	88	22	45	31	49	36	57	20	46	19	39	18	59	10
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1201-1400 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	308	8	0	.	393	20	0	.	0	.	348	15	306	13	282	11	343	14	360	17	410	18	416	11	352	10	283	13	332	4
	exposed wood core	32	19	0	.	22	52	0	.	0	.	79	25	58	25	46	25	56	24	69	44	118	27	77	17	46	22	78	18	61	8
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	2	98	0	.	3	69	0	.	5	67	8	70	1	99	4	72	1	99	2	31
	stem breakage	1	99	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	2	75	10	35	6	46	4	59	5	67	3	97	4	60	6	37	9	32	5	16
	defoliation >50%	1	75	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	60	1	98	0	.	0	.	4	97	3	98	1	99	0	99	1	99	1	33
	canker	4	43	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	99	1	69	10	29	5	55	0	.	4	72	8	56	2	76	4	55	4	19
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	98	0	.	0	99	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	72
	resinosis	6	31	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	26	34	15	33	7	33	18	31	27	46	11	54	24	29	46	20	14	29	18	11
	inclusion	2	70	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	18	53	2	62	11	44	4	55	0	.	0	.	2	62	2	99	2	57	4	25
	stag-headedness	4	43	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	7	42	3	56	2	99	3	69	12	55	0	.	2	99	1	99	7	33	4	18
	other type of damage	1	56	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	8	38	2	62	2	57	1	98	13	97	14	58	8	41	7	46	6	47	5	20
	lying living trees	2	84	0	.	6	85	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	71	1	99	0	.	8	71	8	70	3	59	1	99	6	61	3	28
	dead trees	31	28	0	.	22	52	0	.	0	.	104	22	97	29	49	19	57	19	49	31	93	25	62	17	91	18	34	27	62	8
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1001-1200 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	377	7	0	.	466	49	318	27	186	14	401	17	338	10	373	12	288	18	383	17	364	26	349	10	280	15	309	14	348	4
	exposed wood core	53	13	0	.	41	52	0	.	43	27	50	24	82	18	45	19	89	25	142	21	85	24	49	23	81	21	76	18	67	6
	crack, woundwood rib	1	61	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	70	3	58	4	69	4	73	1	97	0	.	2	99	2	60	1	26
	stem breakage	4	46	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	4	57	5	39	6	51	4	68	7	56	5	67	4	55	10	51	6	34	5	17
	defoliation >50%	1	57	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	69	0	.	2	69	1	37
	canker	3	47	0	.	11	87	0	.	13	42	2	99	3	46	8	33	6	58	0	.	1	98	2	70	8	68	4	39	4	18
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	resinosis	13	20	0	.	22	87	0	.	0	.	27	39	19	24	9	34	7	38	13	40	24	44	22	34	39	23	3	46	16	10
	inclusion	5	37	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	4	49	12	49	2	98	3	73	11	76	1	99	2	99	6	53	5	22
	stag-headedness	2	49	0	.	0	.	0	.	16	82	0	.	7	34	1	99	2	98	13	55	5	98	6	60	5	70	7	47	4	19
	other type of damage	3	42	0	.	5	88	0	.	0	.	4	52	5	35	4	57	12	45	12	49	7	81	2	75	5	75	10	35	5	16
	lying living trees	0	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	69	8	64	0	.	4	68	0	.	0	.	11	55	1	99	2	70	3	33
	dead trees	30	15	0	.	22	62	86	53	16	82	69	23	47	17	43	23	75	31	65	27	56	33	67	21	36	26	57	21	48	7
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
801-1000 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	372	6	429	11	333	28	427	18	388	25	308	21	370	9	430	8	339	20	470	23	201	23	383	13	285	16	398	10	370	3
	exposed wood core	84	15	61	28	18	37	43	29	54	28	47	26	42	19	60	21	83	25	149	37	156	20	91	31	39	23	141	14	75	7
	crack, woundwood rib	0	99	5	96	1	97	0	.	2	96	3	98	1	64	2	65	4	74	8	65	0	.	2	98	6	73	7	38	2	22
	stem breakage	3	48	4	96	4	97	21	69	0	.	3	98	4	36	7	59	6	97	6	68	8	48	2	98	10	38	4	74	5	20
	defoliation >50%	0	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	97	0	.	1	99	6	67	0	.	2	67	8	63	0	.	2	63	1	31
	canker	5	36	5	96	0	.	1	97	2	96	5	58	8	29	7	40	0	.	4	96	6	58	0	.	5	62	7	55	5	16
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	99	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	99	0	99	0	64
	resinosis	10	28	3	96	5	67	6	60	21	42	20	38	6	29	18	37	14	51	34	45	31	38	22	31	28	35	1	99	13	12
	inclusion	5	64	8	73	0	.	2	67	0	.	0	.	9	62	8	55	0	.	2	95	4	60	5	68	2	98	3	60	5	28
	stag-headedness	6	31	0	.	3	97	0	.	0	.	3	98	4	55	2	70	3	97	0	.	2	98	12	48	4	68	40	40	7	24
	other type of damage	3	38	5	96	5	78	0	.	6	71	5	67	3	60	11	50	5	60	4	63	16	52	0	.	13	38	11	32	6	17
	lying living trees	1	70	0	.	0	.	0	.	5	95	3	98	1	71	1	99	9	70	5	95	6	68	9	58	6	72	8	40	3	21
	dead trees	30	17	38	33	19	36	42	45	28	49	23	44	55	20	38	23	74	23	128	25	85	27	95	27	47	29	84	18	51	7
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
601-800 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	364	7	307	14	327	12	340	9	311	8	396	23	352	9	351	14	355	15	344	29	365	25	258	35	270	11	349	13	336	3
	exposed wood core	63	13	84	26	41	19	45	15	36	14	32	34	74	17	67	21	65	39	76	57	72	34	76	30	79	23	153	19	65	6
	crack, woundwood rib	1	55	0	.	0	.	3	51	0	70	0	.	0	.	4	46	1	97	11	88	4	96	4	96	2	98	3	59	2	23
	stem breakage	7	28	2	98	2	60	2	58	4	46	8	92	7	41	1	99	3	97	0	.	4	96	8	96	6	73	9	38	5	15
	defoliation >50%	2	48	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	99	0	.	0	99	0	.	0	.	0	.	4	96	4	96	2	98	28	62	3	49
	canker	3	37	2	68	2	60	4	58	2	43	9	90	3	57	1	99	8	81	0	.	4	96	2	96	3	76	1	74	3	20
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	75	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	4	99	0	75
	resinosis	3	37	11	77	15	41	15	32	10	22	0	.	8	39	2	47	3	66	17	65	5	95	10	57	7	53	0	.	8	14
	inclusion	2	53	3	98	0	.	0	99	1	99	0	.	1	76	3	99	0	.	28	91	0	.	12	50	2	98	0	.	1	29
	stag-headedness	6	33	6	72	5	44	1	99	1	70	0	.	7	55	3	59	0	.	0	.	4	96	19	53	10	71	38	31	7	18
	other type of damage	6	32	8	41	4	60	2	47	4	37	22	75	4	55	3	83	11	71	7	91	0	.	7	65	15	42	6	68	5	15
	lying living trees	0	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	2	61	8	92	0	.	3	69	0	.	0	.	9	96	4	96	3	74	6	84	2	35
	dead trees	42	15	34	38	25	31	26	20	31	17	27	92	31	29	47	23	53	26	9	91	26	52	104	24	42	31	107	17	42	7
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
=600 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	273	10	297	8	357	10	280	7	304	5	0	.	623	28	337	14	659	24	448	33	275	1	310	26	320	0	357	12	312	3
	exposed wood core	49	25	38	13	39	19	32	12	31	12	0	.	14	55	211	50	61	42	85	33	50	43	44	42	0	.	133	13	50	8
	crack, woundwood rib	0	99	0	100	0	.	0	.	1	55	0	.	0	.	9	65	26	85	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	73	1	34
	stem breakage	4	46	3	41	8	81	2	38	2	31	0	.	0	.	0	.	13	85	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	2	84	3	22
	defoliation >50%	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	100	0	71	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	9	91	0	.	0	.	0	.	33	47	3	46
	canker	1	76	2	46	0	.	2	49	2	42	0	.	0	.	0	.	21	85	11	65	0	.	0	.	0	.	1	76	2	23
	bark necrosis	0	.	1	100	0	.	0	.	0	63	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	63
	resinosis	5	58	6	52	4	63	13	24	12	17	0	.	0	.	2	96	21	85	0	.	0	.	5	96	0	.	0	.	9	13
	inclusion	1	70	2	74	4	69	0	100	0	77	0	.	0	.	13	96	79	86	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	6	47	2	34
	stag-headedness	7	43	6	50	11	50	1	51	2	35	0	.	0	.	13	96	0	.	0	.	0	.	3	66	0	.	42	26	8	18
	other type of damage	4	57	4	31	6	40	2	43	4	33	0	.	0	.	20	67	13	85	4	91	0	.	4	96	0	.	13	30	5	15
	lying living trees	1	99	1	76	1	99	0	100	1	53	0	.	0	.	5	96	0	.	8	93	0	.	0	.	0	.	4	51	1	27
	dead trees	45	20	23	22	52	22	14	19	15	15	0	.	24	41	41	29	43	40	57	60	75	24	43	35	0	.	133	13	35	8
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
total	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	343	3	313	6	343	7	315	5	308	4	354	9	354	5	357	5	310	6	356	9	306	10	314	5	308	4	323	4	327	1
	exposed wood core	58	7	50	13	36	12	38	9	34	9	54	14	59	9	61	14	62	10	89	15	84	14	54	8	45	8	86	7	57	3
	crack, woundwood rib	1	37	1	80	0	100	1	52	1	45	1	58	1	42	3	26	3	37	4	37	2	51	2	35	2	27	4	18	2	10
	stem breakage	4	20	3	35	5	49	3	39	3	26	3	32	6	18	5	30	5	29	6	39	4	33	4	21	5	18	7	15	5	7
	defoliation >50%	1	31	0	.	0	.	0	100	0	63	1	53	1	54	0	71	1	59	2	72	1	53	1	37	2	30	8	34	2	21
	canker	3	20	2	38	1	52	3	39	2	28	2	42	3	22	6	20	3	30	1	59	3	37	1	45	3	28	3	22	3	8
	bark necrosis	0	.	1	100	0	.	0	.	1	49	0	100	0	.	0	78	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	100	0	90	0	40
	resinosis	8	14	7	42	10	29	13	19	12	13	27	16	14	14	10	22	25	12	32	20	18	21	25	10	32	8	9	15	17	4
	inclusion	3	30	3	47	1	70	0	50	0	62	10	45	5	35	8	26	4	47	3	55	4	49	5	27	2	28	3	25	3	11
	stag-headedness	5	17	5	42	6	36	1	46	2	30	3	34	6	22	3	36	2	38	6	41	2	52	3	24	3	26	17	16	5	8
	other type of damage	4	19	5	24	4	31	2	32	4	24	6	26	4	23	7	29	8	21	9	41	9	32	4	18	6	15	9	13	5	6
	lying living trees	1	43	1	77	1	76	0	100	2	37	2	49	3	40	2	36	2	40	4	46	5	38	7	24	5	35	4	23	3	12
	dead trees	34	8	27	17	36	16	21	14	20	11	73	14	58	12	50	13	77	11	58	14	61	14	68	9	48	8	62	7	49	3
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.

Table citation

Abegg, M.; Ahles, P.; Allgaier Leuch, B.; Cioldi, F.; Didion, M.; Düggelin, C.; Fischer, C.; Herold, A.; Meile, R.; Rohner, B.; Rösler, E.; Speich, S.; Temperli, C.; Traub, B.,
2023: Swiss national forest inventory - Result table No. 1426370. Birmensdorf, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL

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