Selection from the list of topics

Estimates and standard error of the estimates

The results published in the NFI tables are estimates for variables in the Swiss forest (population parameters) whose true values are not known and must therefore be extrapolated (estimated) from the NFI sample data.

The extrapolations carry uncertainties. However, the accuracy of the extrapolations can be reliably estimated from the NFI sample, which is designed to be a random sample. To this end, all NFI tables include a second figure in addition to the estimate itself, namely the standard error of the estimate.

In most tables the percent standard error is reported (±%), but the absolute standard error (±) is also reported occasionally, especially for estimated percentages. The relationship between absolute and percent standard error is as follows:

percent standard error = absolute standard error / estimate × 100

absolute standard error = percent standard error × estimate / 100

Information on the forest road network is based on a full survey of all forest roads. In this case, there is no need to specify a standard error because there is no uncertainty caused by sampling.

Confidence interval of the estimate

With the estimate and the standard error of the estimate, the limits of the so-called confidence interval of the estimate can be calculated as:

lower limit = estimate – tQ × absolute standard error

upper limit = estimate + tQ × absolute standard error

If the simple standard error is used for the calculation (tQ = 1), then the 68% confidence interval is formed. In this case, the true value of the population parameter has a 68% probability of lying within this confidence interval of the estimate. If the double standard error is used (tQ = 2), then there is a 95% probability that the true value lies within this 95% confidence interval.

Significance of the estimate

The confidence interval can be used to statistically test whether the estimated population parameter is larger or smaller than a specific reference or target value, or whether two estimated population parameters truly differ (in the real population). For practical applications, proceed as follows: if a reference value lies outside the confidence interval, the estimated population value can be interpreted as being significantly different from it; if it lies within the confidence interval, the difference between the estimated population parameter and the reference value can be interpreted as random or not significant. When two population parameters are compared, they can be interpreted as differing significantly if their confidence intervals do not overlap.

Dealing with missing values

When calculating a results table, data are not always available for all combinations of characteristics^* of the classification variables and regional demarcation applied. In most cases, this indicates that the attribute estimated with the respective target variable does not occur or occurs only very rarely. Usually, the value 0 is used (imputed). However, as this value is not based on direct measurements, the associated standard error is represented with a full stop [.]. If the imputed value of 0 is referred to in the calculation, e.g. in the case of percentages or certain change estimates, no value can be entered. In this case, the estimated value and standard error are both represented with a full stop [.].

For example, no Arolla pines have been found and measured in the Swiss Plateau to date (growing stock of Arolla pines by production region). The values can be assumed to be missing because Arolla pine does not occur in the Swiss Plateau and therefore the growing stock there must be 0.

^* e.g. ‘Arolla pine’ characteristic of the classification variable ‘tree species’ and ‘Swiss plateau’ characteristic of the ‘regional demarcation’

Changes

There are two types of changes in the NFI:

The first type involves specific target variables relating to components of change, such as increment, fellings, mortality and losses. These target variables are only available for two consecutive inventory cycles, e.g. NFI3–NFI4. In the evaluation of components of change, the classification variable characteristic of the second inventory cycle is assigned to the first inventory cycle. These evaluations therefore do not take into account potential changes in a classification variable characteristic from the earlier to the later inventory (e.g. from private to public ownership).

With the second type of change, the difference in target variables, such as number of stems, growing stock or forest area, is used to assess the change between two inventory cycles. Target variables are generally used to represent states, such as that in NFI4, but can also indicate the net change between any two inventory cycles, e.g. NFI1–NFI4. In evaluations of change using these target variables, the change in a classification variable characteristic is considered in the analysis. Consequently, one can detect, for example, that the forest area without shrub forest increased between the two inventory cycles. This only has an effect on classification variables whose characteristic (class) can actually change, e.g. the affiliation with a forest area or the tree condition.

NFI4
total number of stems with two most important forms of damages
altitude (in 200 m classes) · type of damage to trees (13 classes)
regional demarcation: economic region
unit: 1000 n
evaluation area: accessible forest without shrub forest NFI1-NFI5
grid: 1.4 km grid, subgrids 1-5
state 2009/17
		economic region
		Western Jura		Eastern Jura		Western Plateau		Central Plateau		Eastern Plateau		Western Pre-Alps		Central Pre-Alps		Eastern Pre-Alps		Northwestern Alps		Central Alps		Northeastern Alps		Southwestern Alps		Southeastern Alps		Southern Alps		Switzerland
altitude (in 200 m classes)	type of damage to trees (13 classes)	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%	1000 n	±%
n/a	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	exposed wood core	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	stem breakage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	defoliation >50%	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	canker	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	resinosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	other type of damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	dead trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
>1800 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	76	100	0	.	739	53	0	.	0	.	6313	17	9591	13	2042	26	18762	9
	exposed wood core	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	31	100	0	.	42	80	0	.	0	.	1002	19	1185	16	433	35	2692	12
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	17	100	42	61	25	77	84	43
	stem breakage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	24	77	146	41	0	.	171	37
	defoliation >50%	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	35	100	17	100	0	.	53	75
	canker	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	101	72	14	71	114	64
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	resinosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	17	100	0	.	126	54	0	.	0	.	544	27	1109	20	169	46	1965	14
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	14	100	0	.	9	100	0	.	0	.	62	54	37	66	40	100	162	37
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	19	100	0	.	0	.	37	54	25	77	32	70	113	36
	other type of damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	42	100	0	.	18	100	0	.	0	.	113	36	218	26	56	69	447	20
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	147	49	482	50	0	.	629	40
	dead trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	205	100	0	.	175	56	0	.	0	.	1437	22	1642	20	329	33	3787	14
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1601-1800 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	835	55	2820	38	307	100	1978	28	400	48	914	51	6472	20	6866	15	4415	18	25007	9
	exposed wood core	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	110	61	201	41	0	.	380	33	76	72	42	61	828	22	814	27	577	31	3029	12
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	17	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	7	100	18	100	0	.	32	64	74	44
	stem breakage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	6	100	33	71	0	.	25	78	18	100	0	.	99	45	87	67	65	59	333	27
	defoliation >50%	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	54	58	0	.	54	58
	canker	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	7	100	125	55	32	71	165	44
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	resinosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	86	57	138	47	0	.	326	30	199	64	49	63	610	23	805	22	315	33	2528	12
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	7	100	22	100	0	.	7	100	0	.	17	100	114	40	38	69	6	100	211	29
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	22	100	0	.	7	100	0	.	0	.	55	74	74	61	114	44	271	30
	other type of damage	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	93	51	0	.	18	100	77	45	98	47	90	40	375	23
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	42	85	22	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	71	62	44	61	23	76	202	34
	dead trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	194	60	379	42	123	100	936	39	72	82	86	59	1653	31	1074	22	343	33	4859	15
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1401-1600 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	703	38	0	.	459	55	0	.	0	.	2486	34	3567	20	1136	33	3960	22	1340	40	810	40	5696	18	9874	14	6567	19	36599	7
	exposed wood core	90	50	0	.	67	64	0	.	0	.	354	37	608	27	109	43	794	26	207	51	75	46	947	25	1272	25	689	27	5213	10
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	15	100	15	100	28	81	57	65	0	.	0	.	108	58	108	47	51	74	382	26
	stem breakage	0	.	0	.	33	70	0	.	0	.	25	73	68	69	21	77	143	50	55	100	0	.	77	57	90	42	218	38	732	20
	defoliation >50%	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	36	72	15	100	31	100	0	.	0	.	15	100	106	49	7	100	210	33
	canker	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	7	100	0	.	44	55	0	.	17	100	0	.	7	100	49	62	124	35
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	resinosis	31	63	0	.	30	81	0	.	0	.	306	36	273	38	74	52	455	28	232	43	91	52	616	25	970	18	372	35	3450	10
	inclusion	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	229	72	6	100	21	100	41	71	17	72	0	.	104	67	101	56	32	64	552	35
	stag-headedness	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	30	71	106	52	40	71	13	100	0	.	0	.	15	100	79	56	53	57	337	26
	other type of damage	19	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	45	58	52	60	37	72	140	44	22	75	26	100	89	45	118	42	153	41	700	18
	lying living trees	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	22	100	46	75	43	61	0	.	35	71	248	64	17	100	42	72	453	38
	dead trees	44	61	0	.	127	76	0	.	0	.	801	38	866	40	616	62	1365	28	176	50	198	53	1146	25	1411	23	662	24	7413	11
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1201-1400 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	5953	15	0	.	248	75	0	.	0	.	3814	23	3968	21	3378	20	3617	23	1688	33	1787	31	5678	20	4582	20	5433	19	40144	6
	exposed wood core	639	22	0	.	25	76	0	.	0	.	902	31	770	30	614	30	586	30	211	53	519	38	948	24	573	28	1345	23	7132	9
	crack, woundwood rib	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	22	100	0	.	36	71	0	.	14	100	50	74	17	100	53	74	22	100	213	33
	stem breakage	17	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	15	100	133	38	87	48	42	61	18	100	18	100	67	62	75	44	129	42	602	18
	defoliation >50%	25	75	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	39	62	9	100	0	.	0	.	29	100	15	100	10	100	6	100	0	.	133	35
	canker	78	44	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	15	100	15	71	137	33	54	58	0	.	25	76	59	52	25	77	79	56	486	19
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	9	100	0	.	6	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	15	72
	resinosis	119	33	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	245	42	203	36	82	40	188	35	114	67	46	73	352	33	552	27	260	33	2160	12
	inclusion	35	71	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	155	65	27	63	150	46	46	58	0	.	0	.	32	64	25	100	50	59	521	26
	stag-headedness	89	45	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	66	50	46	57	29	100	33	71	63	71	0	.	0	.	17	100	101	41	444	21
	other type of damage	22	58	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	98	42	25	77	25	72	7	100	0	.	81	63	127	44	70	61	123	49	579	20
	lying living trees	46	85	0	.	7	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	40	73	15	100	0	.	35	100	49	74	35	71	18	100	112	71	358	31
	dead trees	635	31	0	.	25	76	0	.	0	.	1192	27	1310	34	686	24	599	26	281	44	428	37	837	24	1125	24	630	32	7748	10
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1001-1200 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	14702	10	0	.	651	70	215	75	188	59	3174	26	7008	15	4986	19	2171	29	2274	30	2228	35	3650	22	2371	27	5721	19	49340	6
	exposed wood core	2049	15	0	.	57	71	0	.	44	64	347	29	1762	22	674	25	622	35	735	34	521	34	604	30	818	30	1618	22	9851	8
	crack, woundwood rib	46	61	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	12	71	35	70	18	100	7	100	7	100	0	.	0	.	45	61	170	30
	stem breakage	140	47	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	39	59	118	40	99	53	33	71	41	61	15	100	37	71	106	62	129	36	756	18
	defoliation >50%	58	57	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	36	71	0	.	36	70	130	38
	canker	108	47	0	.	15	100	0	.	13	71	15	100	61	47	126	36	47	61	0	.	6	100	31	72	96	70	87	43	606	19
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	resinosis	506	22	0	.	30	100	0	.	0	.	177	37	312	26	106	43	53	47	83	46	150	50	281	37	462	29	57	52	2217	11
	inclusion	206	38	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	71	57	132	59	0	.	21	76	68	80	7	100	18	100	131	55	655	23
	stag-headedness	75	50	0	.	0	.	0	.	17	100	0	.	161	36	20	100	18	100	78	60	31	100	74	62	62	72	142	53	678	20
	other type of damage	111	43	0	.	7	100	0	.	0	.	39	56	120	36	60	58	91	53	76	55	44	85	24	77	61	77	135	36	768	17
	lying living trees	17	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	15	100	67	60	0	.	18	100	0	.	0	.	119	64	7	100	18	100	261	35
	dead trees	1181	16	0	.	31	79	58	89	17	100	684	29	1029	20	654	28	567	40	405	36	313	43	718	25	320	35	1125	26	7103	9
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
801-1000 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	12904	11	1453	32	1908	37	2494	30	1229	44	2019	32	9028	14	7996	15	1740	28	1401	40	1259	32	2864	25	2691	25	5604	19	54592	6
	exposed wood core	2946	17	242	42	104	45	253	37	189	43	297	36	1035	23	1170	25	507	35	550	48	860	31	615	41	350	31	1774	21	10892	8
	crack, woundwood rib	8	100	24	100	7	100	0	.	7	100	21	100	34	65	35	66	24	78	31	70	0	.	18	100	54	75	75	50	335	24
	stem breakage	107	49	17	100	24	100	124	73	0	.	18	100	102	38	139	63	37	100	24	74	52	52	18	100	96	42	40	100	796	21
	defoliation >50%	17	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	21	100	0	.	19	100	36	71	0	.	6	100	60	67	0	.	34	65	193	32
	canker	183	37	0	.	0	.	7	100	7	100	34	63	214	31	137	42	0	.	0	.	40	62	0	.	44	64	117	57	783	17
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	17	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	6	100	7	100	31	64
	resinosis	353	29	14	100	30	71	33	66	61	59	144	45	149	31	338	42	89	56	108	62	208	44	165	39	215	43	9	100	1916	13
	inclusion	181	64	0	.	0	.	14	71	0	.	0	.	234	63	164	56	0	.	7	100	28	63	40	71	18	100	44	62	730	29
	stag-headedness	206	33	0	.	17	100	0	.	0	.	18	100	106	56	39	71	18	100	0	.	15	100	71	61	36	71	633	42	1160	25
	other type of damage	100	39	24	100	31	81	0	.	17	100	17	100	82	61	94	43	32	65	16	71	109	56	0	.	120	42	143	36	785	16
	lying living trees	34	71	0	.	0	.	0	.	17	100	18	100	36	72	15	100	55	74	0	.	22	100	69	61	53	74	115	47	435	24
	dead trees	1055	19	174	43	107	43	245	51	91	65	128	57	1252	23	730	27	444	34	449	40	499	37	725	34	447	35	1279	24	7626	9
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
601-800 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	11575	12	2701	24	5342	19	9859	13	9639	13	895	47	6288	16	4516	21	1641	30	566	54	1318	39	1069	48	2188	23	5524	19	63121	5
	exposed wood core	2003	16	739	33	676	23	1311	18	1108	18	71	52	1304	22	863	26	303	46	126	72	259	45	339	41	643	30	2408	24	12152	7
	crack, woundwood rib	38	55	0	.	0	.	101	52	14	71	0	.	0	.	48	49	6	100	18	100	15	100	18	100	18	100	48	60	324	24
	stem breakage	223	29	17	100	40	61	44	58	115	47	18	100	131	43	18	100	15	100	0	.	15	100	35	100	51	76	145	40	869	16
	defoliation >50%	56	49	0	.	0	.	0	.	17	100	0	.	7	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	15	100	17	100	17	100	445	63	574	49
	canker	110	39	14	70	40	61	128	59	71	44	21	100	55	58	7	100	37	85	0	.	15	100	7	100	28	79	23	76	557	20
	bark necrosis	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	24	76	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	60	100	84	75
	resinosis	100	39	101	79	250	43	423	33	318	24	0	.	150	41	29	50	14	71	28	81	17	100	46	63	58	57	0	.	1534	15
	inclusion	54	54	0	.	0	.	7	100	19	100	0	.	26	78	35	100	0	.	46	100	0	.	55	57	18	100	0	.	259	31
	stag-headedness	188	35	52	74	74	46	17	100	33	71	0	.	126	57	43	61	0	.	0	.	15	100	87	60	83	74	609	34	1327	19
	other type of damage	202	33	76	45	60	61	66	48	128	38	49	87	71	57	42	85	52	76	12	100	0	.	32	71	121	46	103	69	1014	16
	lying living trees	7	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	67	61	18	100	0	.	39	71	0	.	0	.	31	100	18	100	25	77	96	85	299	35
	dead trees	1352	18	308	43	409	34	743	23	968	20	61	100	551	32	606	28	245	36	15	100	94	59	441	38	339	37	1699	22	7832	8
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
=600 m	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	5748	16	8626	13	5304	18	11324	11	21789	8	0	.	1137	52	1557	32	923	56	787	60	169	70	1340	40	111	100	7321	17	66136	4
	exposed wood core	1052	27	1110	16	555	25	1236	15	2238	14	0	.	26	73	974	57	86	66	117	61	31	82	131	47	0	.	2621	18	10177	9
	crack, woundwood rib	7	100	7	100	0	.	0	.	70	55	0	.	0	.	42	71	37	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	54	74	217	34
	stem breakage	87	48	100	43	124	82	84	39	159	31	0	.	0	.	0	.	18	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	7	100	579	23
	defoliation >50%	0	.	0	.	0	.	7	100	15	71	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	18	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	708	49	748	46
	canker	24	77	61	47	0	.	91	50	109	42	0	.	0	.	0	.	29	100	23	75	0	.	0	.	0	.	25	77	362	23
	bark necrosis	0	.	42	100	0	.	0	.	31	64	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	73	63
	resinosis	114	59	179	53	64	65	543	26	884	18	0	.	0	.	8	100	29	100	0	.	0	.	25	100	0	.	0	.	1847	13
	inclusion	14	71	51	75	60	71	7	100	23	77	0	.	0	.	62	100	110	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	126	49	454	34
	stag-headedness	147	44	164	51	162	52	40	61	116	35	0	.	0	.	62	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	7	100	0	.	899	28	1597	19
	other type of damage	82	58	126	32	84	43	66	44	301	33	0	.	0	.	93	72	18	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	192	38	963	17
	lying living trees	19	100	24	77	17	100	17	100	88	54	0	.	0	.	21	100	0	.	17	100	0	.	0	.	0	.	92	53	295	27
	dead trees	957	23	679	24	728	27	565	20	1088	16	0	.	43	60	189	40	60	64	38	71	46	74	126	47	0	.	2566	18	7084	9
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
total	n/a	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.
	no visible damage	51585	4	12780	10	13913	11	23892	8	32845	6	13223	12	33892	7	23875	8	16769	10	8456	15	8486	15	33082	7	38275	6	42628	5	353699	2
	exposed wood core	8779	8	2091	15	1484	15	2799	11	3578	10	2081	16	5737	10	4404	16	3320	13	2022	20	2308	17	5415	10	5655	10	11464	7	61140	3
	crack, woundwood rib	98	37	31	81	7	100	101	52	90	45	58	58	78	42	223	27	143	41	70	46	79	52	197	38	275	30	351	24	1800	11
	stem breakage	574	20	135	36	221	49	252	39	274	27	121	35	585	19	364	31	314	30	156	43	101	38	358	25	651	20	733	18	4838	7
	defoliation >50%	156	32	0	.	0	.	7	100	31	63	60	53	52	54	34	71	67	60	47	72	37	61	173	37	200	33	1230	36	2096	22
	canker	503	20	75	41	56	52	226	39	199	28	85	43	352	23	408	21	211	31	23	75	104	38	104	37	426	30	427	23	3198	8
	bark necrosis	0	.	42	100	0	.	0	.	55	49	9	100	0	.	23	79	0	.	0	.	0	.	0	.	6	100	67	90	202	40
	resinosis	1224	14	294	42	405	30	1000	20	1263	14	958	19	1243	14	636	25	1279	15	764	26	561	24	2638	11	4170	9	1183	17	17617	4
	inclusion	490	30	51	75	60	71	28	50	42	62	392	49	401	39	564	28	215	55	91	56	113	53	413	24	255	30	430	26	3545	11
	stag-headedness	705	18	216	42	252	36	57	52	166	30	114	38	568	22	233	37	107	39	142	46	62	61	346	27	377	28	2583	16	5927	9
	other type of damage	536	19	227	26	182	32	132	32	446	25	248	28	391	24	350	28	452	23	125	38	278	34	462	20	806	16	995	16	5631	6
	lying living trees	124	43	24	77	24	77	17	100	171	38	51	58	207	34	158	36	116	45	51	75	137	42	707	28	647	38	498	28	2932	13
	dead trees	5224	8	1161	19	1427	18	1612	15	2165	12	3059	16	5636	13	3604	15	4390	14	1437	20	1665	18	7083	11	6359	10	8631	8	53452	3
	total	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.

Table citation

Abegg, M.; Ahles, P.; Allgaier Leuch, B.; Cioldi, F.; Didion, M.; Düggelin, C.; Fischer, C.; Herold, A.; Meile, R.; Rohner, B.; Rösler, E.; Speich, S.; Temperli, C.; Traub, B.,
2023: Swiss national forest inventory - Result table No. 1426320. Birmensdorf, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL

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